Topic 8 - Exchange And Transport In Animals Flashcards
What do red blood cells do?
Carry oxygen from your lungs to the cells in your body.
What do white blood cells do?
Remove any unwanted microorganisms from your body.
What do phagocytes do?
They are white blood cells that can change shape to engulf unwanted microorganisms
What do Lymphocytes do?
Produce antibodies against microorganisms. Some also produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins produced by the microorganisms.
What do platelets do?
They help the blood to clot at a wound
What does the plasma in the blood do?
Carries everything in the blood
State the three types of blood vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Describe an artery
Has thick walls that are strong and elastic. Very large
What is the job of arteries?
To carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Describe a capillary
Very small. Very narrow. Walls are only one cell thick so particles can move across them.
What is the job of the capillaries?
They take food and oxygen and take away carbon dioxide to cells.
Describe a vein.
Capillaries join up to make a vein. Have a larger area then arteries. They have valves to keep blood flowing in the right direction.
What is the job of the veins?
To take blood back to the heart
Describe what happens on the right side of the heart
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava. The blood moves through to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Describe what happens on the left side of the heart
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein. The blood moves through to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs via the aorta.
Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls than the right ventricle?
It needs more muscle because it has to pump blood around the whole body, while the left side only has to pump it to the lungs.
What do the valves in the hear do?
Prevent the backflow of blood in the heart
What is a double circulatory system?
The heart pumps in two circuits. The heart pumps blood to the lungs in one circuit and to the rest of the body in another.
Where does gas exchange in animals take place?
Alveoli
What three factors affect rate of diffusion?
Distance
Concentration difference
Surface area
Symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O6 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
Word equation for Anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose –> lactic acid
Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants
Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide
