Topic 7 - Hormones And Kidney Stuff

Question 1

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 1

Body diverts blood away from the skin to avoid losing heat

Question 2

What is vasodilation?

Answer 2

Blood vessels close to the surface to the skin widens, to allow more heat to the surroundings.

Question 3

What is thermoregulation?

Answer 3

Your body regulation it’s temperature to remain a constant internal temperature.

Question 4

State 3 things your body does when it gets too hot

Answer 4

Hairs lie flat
Sweats
Vasodilation

Question 5

State 3 things your body does when it is cold

Answer 5

Hairs stand on end
Vasoconstriction
Shivers

Question 6

How do your hairs standing on end help you warm up?

Answer 6

They trap a layer of insulating air near the surface of the skin, which reduces heat loss to your surroundings.

Question 7

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 7

Homeostasis is about maintaining a constant internal environment, so that cells can carry out chemical reactions.

Question 8

What is an endocrine gland?

Answer 8

A gland in thekdy where hormones are produced.

Question 9

Hormone

Answer 9

A chemical messenger

Question 10

Adrenaline

Answer 10

Targets the heart and the liver. The hormone prepares the body for fight or flight. It causes your heart rate and blood pressure to increase. It makes the liver break down more glycogen into glucose. It is produced in the adrenaline gland near the liver.

Question 11

Visolin

Answer 11

Produced in the pancreas. Monitors what happens in the blood. Makes digestive juices which consists of POWERFUL ENZYMES.

Question 12

Thyroxine

Answer 12

Produced in the thyroxine gland. Regulates metabolism, heart rate and temperature.

Question 13

Pituitary gland

Answer 13

Regulates and controls other hormones. Found below the brain.

Question 14

Ovaries(hormones)

Answer 14

Releases oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 15

Testis(hormones)

Answer 15

Produces testosterone

Question 16

When is and what happens during stage 1 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 16

Day 1-4. The lining of the uterus breaks down and is released.

Question 17

When is and what happens during stage 2 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 17

Day 4-13. The uterus lining builds up.

Question 18

When is and what happens during stage 3 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 18

Day 14. An egg is released from the ovaries.

Question 19

When is and what happens during stage 4 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 19

Day 14-28. The uterus lining is maintained. If no fertilised egg has landed on the uterus wall by day 28, it starts to break down.

Question 20

FSH

Answer 20

Released by pituitary gland
Causes an egg to mature in one if the ovaries.
Stimulates oestrogen production

Question 21

LH

Answer 21

Released by pituitary gland
Stimulates ovulation
Stimulates the remains if the egg to develop in to a structure called corpus luteum.

Question 22

Oestrogen

Answer 22

Released by the ovaries
Causes the lining if the uterus to thicken and grow
A high level stimulates an a rapid increase in LH

Question 22

Progesterone

Answer 22

Released by the corpus luteum
Maintains the lining if the uterus
Inhibits the release of FSH and LH
A low progesterone level allows FSH to increase, starting the cycle again.

Question 24

Insulin

Answer 24

Produced in the pancreas.

Used to regulate blood glucose levels

Question 25

Testosterone

Answer 25

Produced in the testis. | Controls puberty and sperm production

Question 26

What happens when there are low levels of oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 26

The uterus lining breaks down

Question 27

What happens when there is high levels of glucose in the blood?

Answer 27

Insulin is released by the pancreas. The increase in insulin makes the liver and muscles take in glucose. The liver converts glucose into glycogen.

Question 28

What happens when there is too little glucose in the blood?

Answer 28

Glucagon is released by the pancreas. Glucagon makes the liver convert glycogen into glucose. The glucose is released into the blood by the liver.

Question 29

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 29

Where the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

Question 30

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 30

When the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin or when the body is resistant to insulin.

Question 31

What does the kidney do?

Answer 31

Cleans the blood of urea, excessive glucose and water.

Question 32

How does a nephron work?

Answer 32

Blood is forced into the bowman's capsule. Small molecules, such as water, are pushed through the capsule membrane while large molecules, such as blood cells, are not. All glucose removed will eventually be reabsorbed into the blood. While a sufficient amount of ion and water are reabsorbed. Everything nit reabsorbed is sent to the bladder.

Question 33

What happens when there is too much water in the blood?

Answer 33

Pituitary gland releases less ADH. Less ADH means that the kidney reabsorbs less water.

Question 34

What happens when there is too little water in the blood?

Answer 34

Pituitary gland releases more ADH. More ADH means that the kidney reabsorbs more water.

Question 35

What is a blood dialysis?

Answer 35

When the blood is removed from a person's body and cleaned by a machine.