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Biology > Topic 7 - Hormones And Kidney Stuff > Flashcards

Topic 7 - Hormones And Kidney Stuff Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Body diverts blood away from the skin to avoid losing heat

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2
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Blood vessels close to the surface to the skin widens, to allow more heat to the surroundings.

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3
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

Your body regulation it’s temperature to remain a constant internal temperature.

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4
Q

State 3 things your body does when it gets too hot

A

Hairs lie flat
Sweats
Vasodilation

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5
Q

State 3 things your body does when it is cold

A

Hairs stand on end
Vasoconstriction
Shivers

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6
Q

How do your hairs standing on end help you warm up?

A

They trap a layer of insulating air near the surface of the skin, which reduces heat loss to your surroundings.

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7
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is about maintaining a constant internal environment, so that cells can carry out chemical reactions.

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8
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

A gland in thekdy where hormones are produced.

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9
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical messenger

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10
Q

Adrenaline

A

Targets the heart and the liver. The hormone prepares the body for fight or flight. It causes your heart rate and blood pressure to increase. It makes the liver break down more glycogen into glucose. It is produced in the adrenaline gland near the liver.

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11
Q

Visolin

A

Produced in the pancreas. Monitors what happens in the blood. Makes digestive juices which consists of POWERFUL ENZYMES.

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12
Q

Thyroxine

A

Produced in the thyroxine gland. Regulates metabolism, heart rate and temperature.

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13
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Regulates and controls other hormones. Found below the brain.

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14
Q

Ovaries(hormones)

A

Releases oestrogen and progesterone.

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15
Q

Testis(hormones)

A

Produces testosterone

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16
Q

When is and what happens during stage 1 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 1-4. The lining of the uterus breaks down and is released.

17
Q

When is and what happens during stage 2 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 4-13. The uterus lining builds up.

18
Q

When is and what happens during stage 3 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 14. An egg is released from the ovaries.

19
Q

When is and what happens during stage 4 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 14-28. The uterus lining is maintained. If no fertilised egg has landed on the uterus wall by day 28, it starts to break down.

20
Q

FSH

A

Released by pituitary gland
Causes an egg to mature in one if the ovaries.
Stimulates oestrogen production

21
Q

LH

A

Released by pituitary gland
Stimulates ovulation
Stimulates the remains if the egg to develop in to a structure called corpus luteum.

22
Q

Oestrogen

A

Released by the ovaries
Causes the lining if the uterus to thicken and grow
A high level stimulates an a rapid increase in LH

22
Q

Progesterone

A

Released by the corpus luteum
Maintains the lining if the uterus
Inhibits the release of FSH and LH
A low progesterone level allows FSH to increase, starting the cycle again.

24
Q

Insulin

A

Produced in the pancreas.

Used to regulate blood glucose levels

25
Q

Testosterone

A

Produced in the testis.

Controls puberty and sperm production

26
Q

What happens when there are low levels of oestrogen and progesterone?

A

The uterus lining breaks down

27
Q

What happens when there is high levels of glucose in the blood?

A

Insulin is released by the pancreas. The increase in insulin makes the liver and muscles take in glucose. The liver converts glucose into glycogen.

28
Q

What happens when there is too little glucose in the blood?

A

Glucagon is released by the pancreas. Glucagon makes the liver convert glycogen into glucose. The glucose is released into the blood by the liver.

29
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

Where the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

30
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

When the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or when the body is resistant to insulin.

31
Q

What does the kidney do?

A

Cleans the blood of urea, excessive glucose and water.

32
Q

How does a nephron work?

A

Blood is forced into the bowman’s capsule. Small molecules, such as water, are pushed through the capsule membrane while large molecules, such as blood cells, are not. All glucose removed will eventually be reabsorbed into the blood. While a sufficient amount of ion and water are reabsorbed. Everything nit reabsorbed is sent to the bladder.

33
Q

What happens when there is too much water in the blood?

A

Pituitary gland releases less ADH. Less ADH means that the kidney reabsorbs less water.

34
Q

What happens when there is too little water in the blood?

A

Pituitary gland releases more ADH. More ADH means that the kidney reabsorbs more water.

35
Q

What is a blood dialysis?

A

When the blood is removed from a person’s body and cleaned by a machine.

Biology (9 decks)

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