Topic 8- Exchange And Transport In Animals

Question 1

what 3 things affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 1

• distance
• concentration difference
• surface area

Question 2

explain gas exchange exchange in the alveoli?

Answer 2

• deoxygenated blood travels to the lungs
• carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood and into the alveoli
• oxygen diffuses into the blood
• carbon dioxide is then breathed out

Question 3

explain how an alveoli is adapted for its function?

Answer 3

• thin walls to allow gas exchange
• very large surface area
• moist lining

Question 4

equation for rate of diffusion

Answer 4

Rate of diffusion ∝ surface area X concentration difference/ thickness of membrane

Question 5

how are red blood cells adapted for their function?

Answer 5

• no nucleus

- biconcave disc shape

Question 6

function of a red blood cell

Answer 6

To carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body

Question 7

function of a white blood cell

Answer 7

They can change shape to engulf unwelcome microorganisms

Question 8

function of a platelets

Answer 8

Help blood to clot

Question 9

function of a plasma

Answer 9

Carries everything in the blood

Such as:
•blood cells
•glucose 
•urea 
•hormones

Question 10

function of arteries

Answer 10

Carry the blood away from the heart

Question 11

function of capillaries

Answer 11

Are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues

Question 12

function of veins

Answer 12

Carry blood to the heart

Question 13

explain the heart and circulatory system

Answer 13

• blood flows through the left atrium
• then through the left ventricle
• it then flows to the rest of the body
• it flows through the vena cava
• then the right atrium
• then the right ventricle
• the blood then flows to the lungs

Question 14

explain what aerobic respiration is

Answer 14

• respiration with oxygen
• most efficient
• goes on all the time

Question 15

explain what anaerobic respiration is

Answer 15

• respiration when there’s not enough oxygen
• less efficient
• lactic acid can build up leading to pain and muscle cramps

Question 16

Word equation for aerobic reparation

Answer 16

Glucose+ oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 17

Word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 17

Glucose-> lactic acid

Question 18

explain anaerobic respiration in plants

Answer 18

Plants can also respite without oxygen

Instead of lactic acid, ethanol and carbon dioxide is produced

Question 19

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants

Answer 19

Glucose-> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 20

equation for cardiac output

Answer 20

Cardiac output= heart rate x stroke volume

Question 21

explain how to measure the rate of respiration using a respirometer

Answer 21

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