Topic 7- Animal Coordination, Control And Homeostasis Flashcards
which gland is thyroxine produced in?
Thyroid gland
which gland is adrenaline produced in?
Adrenal gland
which gland is oestrogen produced in?
Ovaries
which gland is insulin produced in?
The pancreas
which gland is testosterone produced in?
Adrenal glands,
Testes in males
Ovaries in females
what does the pituitary gland do?
produce many hormones that regulate body conditions
what are the differences between neurones and hormones?
Neurones:
•very fast action
•act for a very short time
•act on a very precise area
Hormones:
•act for a long time
•act in a more general way
what is adrenaline?
A hormone which prepares the body for fight or flight
definition of negative feedback
A stimulus effects the body and the body does something to reduce this effect
Eg. Core temperature increases so your body starts sweating to cool you down
definition of positive feedback
-
explain how thyroxine regulates metabolism
-
what are the 4 stages of the menstrual cycle?
Stage 1- day 1
When menstruation starts, the lining of the uterus breaks down and is released
Stage 2- day 4-14
The uterus lining is repaired
Stage 3- day 14
An egg develops and is released from ovary
Stage 4-day 14-28
The lining is maintained
what 4 hormones control the menstrual cycle?
•FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) •oestrogen •LH (Luteinising hormone) •progesterone
what does FSH do in the menstrual cycle?
Causes a follicle(an egg an surrounding cells) to mature in one of the ovaries
- Released by pituitary glands
- Stimulates oestrogen production
what does oestrogen do in the menstrual cycle?
Causes the lining of the uterus to thicken and grow
•released by the ovaries
what does LH do in the menstrual cycle?
Causes the follicle to rupture and release the egg
Stimulates the remains of the follicle and develop a structure called a corpus luteum which secretes progesterone
what does progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?
Maintains the lining of the uterus
Inhibits the release of FSH and LH
definition of clomiphene therapy
Some women are infertile because they don’t ovulate
These women can take a drug called clomifene
This works by causes more FSH and LH to be released by the body, which stimulate egg maturation and ovulation
definition of IVF
IVF involves collecting eggs and sperm and fertilising them in a lab
Once the embryos are a tiny ball of cells they are transferred to the women’s uterus
explain how the pill works using progesterone?
Stimulates the production of thick cervical mucus, which prevents any sperm getting through the cervix and reaching an egg.
definition of homeostasis
Maintaining the right conditions inside your body, so that everything works properly
give some examples of homeostasis
•osmoregulation
-you need to balance the water you gain
•thermoregulation
-right body temperature
•blood glucose regulation
-right amount of sugar in your blood
definition of osmoregulation
•regulating water in the body
The right amount
definition of thermoregulation
Regulating body temperature
definition of blood glucose regulation
Regulating the sugar in your blood
explain the regulation of insulin and glucose
-
what causes type 1 diabetes?
Caused by a lack of insulin
what causes type 2 diabetes?
A resistance to insulin
how does someone with type 1 diabetes need to be treated?
- injecting insulin
- limiting foods rich in simple carbohydrates
how does someone with type 2 diabetes need to be treated?
- limiting intake of food rich in simple carbohydrates
- regular exercise
what are the 3 roles of the kidney?
- removal of urea in the blood
- adjustment of ion levels in the blood
- adjustment of water content in the blood
nephrons
- in the kidneys
- filter out waste products( eg. Urea)
explain how dialysis works
- filters blood for people with kidney failure
- the patients blood flows into the dialysis machine
- waste products in the blood get diffused out
- blood flows back into the patient
