Topic 8: Dementia - The Fading Mind

Question 1

Amyloid plaques

Answer 1

Clumps of protein fragments that build up between neurons in Alzheimer’s disease

Example sentence: Amyloid plaques are one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease

Question 2

Neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 2

Twisted fibers of tau protein that accumulate inside neurons in Alzheimer’s disease

Example sentence: Neurofibrillary tangles are associated with the progression of Alzheimer’s disease

Question 3

Vascular dementia

Answer 3

Dementia caused by reduced blood flow to the brain

Example sentence: Vascular dementia can result from strokes or other conditions affecting blood flow

Question 4

Frontotemporal dementia

Answer 4

A group of disorders characterized by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes

Example sentence: Frontotemporal dementia can lead to changes in personality and behavior

Question 5

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 5

Medications that increase acetylcholine levels in the brain

Example sentence: Cholinesterase inhibitors are commonly used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

Question 6

Memantine

Answer 6

A medication that regulates glutamate activity

Example sentence: Memantine is often prescribed to help manage symptoms of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease

Question 7

Cognitive stimulation

Answer 7

Activities that challenge the brain and promote mental activity

Example sentence: Cognitive stimulation programs may include puzzles, memory games, and other exercises

Question 8

Reminiscence therapy

Answer 8

Therapy that encourages individuals to recall and share memories

Example sentence: Reminiscence therapy can help individuals with dementia reconnect with their past

Question 9

Caregiver support and education

Answer 9

Programs that provide information and resources to caregivers of individuals with dementia

Example sentence: Caregiver support and education programs offer guidance and assistance to those caring for loved ones with dementia

Question 10

Dementia

Answer 10

A progressive decline in cognitive function that affects memory, thinking, and behavior

Example sentence: Dementia is a broad term encompassing various conditions that lead to cognitive decline

Question 11

Acetylcholine

Answer 11

A neurotransmitter important for memory and learning

Example sentence: Acetylcholine plays a crucial role in forming new memories and learning new information

Question 12

Glutamate

Answer 12

The brain’s primary excitatory neurotransmitter

Example sentence: Glutamate is involved in many brain functions, including memory and learning

Question 13

Caregiver burden

Answer 13

The emotional and physical stress experienced by caregivers of individuals with dementia

Example sentence: Caregiver burden can impact the overall well-being of those caring for individuals with dementia