Topic 7: Depression - Unveiling the Darkness Within Flashcards
Monoamine hypothesis
The theory that a deficiency in monoamine neurotransmitters contributes to depression
Example sentence: The monoamine hypothesis suggests that low levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine may lead to depressive symptoms.
HPA axis
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, a system involved in the stress response
Example sentence: The HPA axis plays a key role in regulating the body’s response to stress.
Cortisol
A stress hormone released by the adrenal glands
Example sentence: Cortisol levels can increase in response to stress and play a role in the body’s fight-or-flight response.
Prefrontal cortex
The brain region responsible for executive functions and emotional regulation
Example sentence: Damage to the prefrontal cortex can impact decision-making and emotional control.
Hippocampus
A brain structure involved in memory formation and retrieval
Example sentence: The hippocampus is essential for creating new memories and recalling past experiences.
Amygdala
A brain structure involved in processing emotions, particularly fear and anxiety
Example sentence: The amygdala is responsible for the emotional response to threatening stimuli.
SSRIs
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, a class of antidepressant medications
Example sentence: SSRIs are commonly prescribed to treat depression and anxiety disorders.
SNRIs
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, a class of antidepressant medications
Example sentence: SNRIs work by increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.
MAOIs
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, a class of antidepressant medications
Example sentence: MAOIs are typically used as a last resort due to their potential side effects and interactions with food.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
A therapy that helps individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns
Example sentence: CBT is effective in treating a variety of mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety.
Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
A therapy that focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and communication skills
Example sentence: IPT helps individuals address relationship issues and improve social interactions.
Mindfulness
The practice of paying attention to the present moment without judgment
Example sentence: Mindfulness meditation can help reduce stress and improve overall well-being.
