Topic 8 - Christian Dietary Practices

Question 1

Christianity
• Founded on the recorded events of the life of Jesus Christ.

• Three dominant branches
– Catholicism
– ___________
– Orthodox (also known as Eastern Orthodox)

Answer 1

– Catholicism
– Protestantism
– Orthodox (also known as Eastern Orthodox)

Question 2

Christmas Day Dec. 25 or Jan. 7*

Easter Sunday March 27, 2016

Answer 2

*Depends if the Julian (Jan 7) or Gregorian (Dec. 25) calendar is followed

Question 3

Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper

• Prepared in Eastern and Northern European cultures such as Poland, Lithuania, and the Ukraine.
• Twelve ______ dishes representing the apostles of Jesus.

• Freshwater fish, wheat pudding, pickled
cabbage (sauerkraut), cabbage rolls,
mushroom soup or beet soup (borscht), flour
dumplings, beans, white bread.

Answer 3

12 meatless dishes

Question 4

Easter

• Known as ______ by Orthodox Christians.
• Easter commemorates the resurrection of Jesus Christ three days after crucifixion
• Good Friday: The Friday before Easter Sunday.
• Easter Sunday: Resurrection of Jesus after his crucifixion.

Answer 4

Easter known as Pascha

Question 5

Paska bread

Ukrainian Paska with a pysanka
• Eaten in Eastern European
countries.

Answer 5

• Paska is made with milk, butter, eggs, flour, and sugar.

Pysanka - Ukrainian Easter eggs

Question 6

Food Symbolism at Easter

• Lamb: Represents _____ ______
• Eggs ______
• Hotcrossbuns:Crucifixion of Jesus Christ on the cross

Answer 6

Food Symbolism at Easter

• Lamb: Represents Jesus Christ
• Eggs:Rebirth
• Hotcrossbuns:Crucifixion of Jesus Christ on the cross

Question 7

Advent Fast

• This is a time of preparation for ________
• Catholics observe Advent with fasting.
• Orthodox Church members observe Advent with a 40-day fast from ____ and ______ products.

Answer 7

prep for Christmas

meat and dairy

Question 8

Lent

• A season of _______ and fasting that serves as a spiritual preparation for the joy of the Easter.
• Catholics and Orthodox Christians fast
• The first day of Lent is on Ash Wednesday, the _______Wednesday before Easter.

Answer 8

repentance and fasting

Ash Wednesday is the 7th Wednesday before easter

Question 9

Catholic Fast Days

• 14-60
• Not required of the sick, pregnant women or breastfeeding women.

• On Fast days
– one full meal per day at midday
– small meals can be taken in the morning and evening
– \_\_\_\_\_ is not eaten
• Fasting never occurs on Sundays.

Answer 9

meat is not eaten, and fasting never occurs on Sundays.

Question 10

Catholic

Fast Days in Canada
• All Fridays throughout the year – devout
• Christmas Eve – devout
• Fridays of Advent-devout
• Lent: from Ash Wednesday to Easter Sunday
– The devout fast 40 days during Lent, but not Sundays

Answer 10

– Many only fast on the Fridays of Lent, Ash Wednesday (the first day of Lent) and Good Friday

Question 11

The day before Lent begins
• A festival of feasting and drinking
• France and Louisiana: ____ ____ (Fat Tuesday)
• Caribbean and Brazil: _______ (Latin: to remove meat)

Answer 11

France and Louisiana - Mardi Gras

Caribbean and Brazil - Carnival

Question 12

Orthodox Christianity

• Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece

Answer 12

• There are different types of Orthodox churches across Canada as a result of immigration: e.g., Ukrainian Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox

Question 13

EOC Fast Days and Seasons

• Fast days (180 – 200 days per annum)
– Every Wednesday, Friday (with the exception of 3 fast-free weeks)

Answer 13

– Three major fasting seasons
• The days of Lent
• The Assumption Fast (14 or 15 days in August)
• Christmas Fast (Advent) (40 days, beginning mid November)

Question 14

Fast Days

• No wine or other alcoholic beverages, red meat, poultry, fish or other animal products (e.g., lard, eggs, and dairy - milk, butter and cheese)

– Shellfish allowed (e.g., shrimps, squid, octopus, lobsters, crabs, snails).

Answer 14

• Devout avoid olive oil (some exclude all plant oils)

Question 15

Dietary practices of Protestant denominations

• Seventh-day Adventists (SDA)
• Mormons, members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS)

Answer 15

• The term “Seventh-day” comes from the observation of the Sabbath, the Lord’s day, on Saturday, the seventh day of the week.
• “Adventist” means the second coming (advent) of Christ.

Question 16

Feast and Fast Days

• Seventh-day Adventists do not celebrate Christmas or other religious festivals as holy feasts.
• The only period in time Adventists celebrate as holy is the weekly _______ (from Friday sunset to Saturday sunset).

Answer 16

weekly sabbath

Question 17

Sabbath

• __ ____ may be prepared that day.

Answer 17

no food ma be prepared

• Food must be prepared on Friday and dishes cleaned on Sunday.

Question 18

Seventh-day Adventists

• The body is God’s temple.
• One can preserve health by eating the right foods in moderation and by getting enough _____ and ________.

Answer 18

rest and exercise

Question 19

SDA Dietary Practices

• Vegetarianism is widely practiced – Many are lacto-ovo vegetarian

Answer 19

• Water is considered the best beverage and should be consumed only before and after the meal, not during the meal.
• Whole grains encouraged.

Question 20

SDA Dietary Practices

• It is recommended that ______ be avoided.
• Overeating and eating between meals is discouraged.
• Hot spices discouraged (e.g., mustard, chili powder, black pepper) as they may harm the digestive tract.

Answer 20

Caffeine avoided

Question 21

SDA Dietary Practices

• Proscribed:
– Tobacco, alcohol and biblically unclean foods, such as ____ and aquatic animals without fins and scales

Answer 21

pork

– Problematic ingredients: animal fats, gelatin, rennin, etc. as they are produced from pork

Question 22

US Adventists -Diet Practices

• Smokeless,drink less alcohol, exercise more than the general population

Answer 22

• 20% of Adventist adults report consuming 3 or more glasses of milk per day, as compared with 3% of non-Adventists of similar SES status

Question 23

US Adventists -Diet Practices

• Vegetables, nuts, fruits and legumes are, on average, eaten more often than in the general population.

Answer 23

Loma Linda is a Blue Zone

Question 24

• “There is convincing evidence that
vegetarians have lower rates of coronary
heart disease, largely explained by low LDL
cholesterol, probable lower rates of
hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and
lower prevalence of obesity. Overall, their
cancer rates appear to be moderately lower
than others living in the same communities,
and life expectancy appears to be greater.

Answer 24

• It may take planning to get enough protein, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamins D and B12 and omega-3 fats from foods or supplements

Question 25

Mormon laws of health

• The body is a ‘temple’ for the spirit
– Church members exercise regularly and avoid abusive substances
• Health Code
– tobacco, alcoholic beverages, hot drinks (tea and coffee) are proscribed
• some take herbal teas

Answer 25

• The LDS church has no official position about caffeinated products other than coffee and tea; however, some avoid caffeine (soda pop)
– diets are to be based on grains (wheat), fruits and veg, dairy products and eggs
– meat is the be eaten sparingly

Question 26

Self reliance

– Staples should be stored to last ___ ____: grains, legumes, salt, sugar, powdered milk, cooking oil.

• Regularly used and replaced to prevent spoilage and waste

Answer 26

last one year

Question 27

Christmas and Easter

• No special worship services on Christmas Day; families celebrate at home.

Answer 27

• Both holidays are celebrated uniquely by Mormons according to the traditions of the cultures where they live.
• Mormons do not follow the traditions of Lent, Ash Wednesday, or Good Friday.

Question 28

Fasting

• Abstinence from food and drink, once monthly, usually the first Sunday, from Saturday night to Sunday night.

Answer 28

• The money that would have been spent on food is donated to the poor.