Topic 7 - Dietary Practice of Eastern Religeons Flashcards
Hinduism
• The dominant religion in India, ______, and among the Tamils in ___ _____.
• _____theism
– K_____, may be considered the Supreme God
- M______: Liberation from an endless succession of lives through reincarnation
- Karma: What you do in this life will determine whether you are rewarded or punished in the next life.
Hinduism
• India, Nepal, and among the Tamils in Sri Lanka.
• Polytheism
– Krishna, may be considered the Supreme God
- Moksha: Liberation from an endless succession of lives through reincarnation
- Karma: What you do in this life will determine whether you are rewarded or punished in the next life.
Moderation in eating
• Moderation
– Not to eat too early/late/much
• The traditional advice is to fill the stomach ____ with food, one quarter with water, leaving the last quarter empty to aid digestion.
half with food,
Vegetarianism
- Devout Hindus follow the tenet of ‘_____’ to avoid negative karmic influences
- Almost all avoid ____; many avoid pork.
ahimsa to avoid negatie karmic
avoid beef and pork
• Hindus who eat meat are encouraged to eat
_____ (chatka) meat
Jhatka meat
Categories of food
• Represent cultural categories that participants use to describe and evaluate foods and their effects on one’s mind, behavior, and health.
• Reflect Indian complementary medicine practices (Ayurveda): herbal remedies and balancing of foods with hot/cold properties.
Categories of food
• _______: Pure wholesome foods that are _____ to the mind and healthy for the body.
– Dairy products (milk, ghee, paneer, whey), yogurt, yogurt drinks (lassi), grains, legumes, honey, nuts, fruits and vegetables
• Sattvic: Pure wholesome foods that are calming to the mind
– Dairy products (milk, ghee, paneer, whey), yogurt, yogurt drinks (lassi), grains, legumes, honey, nuts, fruits,
• ________: Stimulating foods that produce a ________ mind and make a person aggressive and lustful.
– Spices like pepper, garlic, and onion; meat, fish, chicken, eggs
• Rajasic: Stimulating foods that produce a restless mind
– Spices like pepper, garlic, and onion; meat, fish, chicken, eggs
• ________: Foods that _____ the mind and body or cause laziness.
– Alcohol, as well as mushrooms and food that is stale (leftovers), preserved (e.g., fermented, pickled), or overripe.
• Tamasic: Foods that dull the mind
– Alcohol, as well as mushrooms and food that is stale (leftovers), preserved (e.g., fermented, pickled), or overripe.
Hindu Dietary Practices
• For purity of mind and spirit avoid
– Meat (especially beef, pork)
– Fish
– Poultry
– Eggs
– Alcohol and narcotics
Cows are considered holy
Cow milk and products from cow milk (curds, whey, ghee butter, yoghurt) are considered ____
considered pure
______ is (fresh cheese)
Paneer
______ (social class) system
• divides society into social classes.
• The highest of the castes are the _______.
– most fastidious in their rules about acceptance of food; many only eat “pure” foods
– are unlikely to eat meat, fish, or eggs
Caste (social class) system
• Brahmins.
– most fastidious in their rules about acceptance of food; many only eat “pure” foods
– many orthodox Brahmins abstain from eating onion and garlic as they are said to increase passions like anger and the sex drive
Diet varies considerably
• Hindus exert considerable personal discretion regarding the foods that they consume.
.Diet varies considerably
• Hindus exert considerable personal discretion regarding the foods that they consume.
– “No sin is attached to eating flesh or drinking wine, or gratifying the sexual urge, for these are the natural propensities of men; but abstinence from these bears greater fruits.”
• Some strict Brahmins eat fish (fruit of the sea, sea vegetables).
Feasting and fasting
• Many fast days – vary according to degree of orthodoxy
• Fasting can be:
1) complete (no food)
2) eating “purer” foods such as milk, fruits, nuts, starchy roots and vegetables
3) adopting a completely vegetarian diet
Diwali
• A 5-daynational festival of prayer, lights, fire crackers and sweets occurring in the fall.
– October 30th to November 3, 2016
• Enjoyed by most people in ______ regardless of faith: ______, Jains, Buddhists, and ______.
India, Hindus, Jains, Buddhists and Sikhs
- Sweets are exchanged with friends and neighbors.
* In India, sweets may be made with cane sugar (_______)
jaggery
_____ (fudge) made from condensed milk and sugar (Cubes)
______ made with chickpea flour, sugar and ghee.
_____ jamun: fried milk balls in a
spice filled syrup
Barfi - fudge bars
Laddus - balls
Gulab jamun - milk balls in syrup
‘____keen’ are fried snacks:
e.g., fried lentils, peanuts, chickpea flour noodles, vegetable oil, chickpeas, flaked rice, fried onion and curry leaves
Namkeen - fried snacks
The Care of the Hindu Patient
– A patient may feel that illness is caused by karma (even though there may be complete understanding of biological causes of illness).
– Sickness may be believed due to body
imbalances and the patient may seek out
Ayurvedic medicines.
– If fasting is practiced, health providers should respect this practice if possible.
Sikhism
- Emerged from Hinduism
- Only one God (monotheism)
• Most Sikhs live in the Punjab region of India; In Canada, most Sikhs live in Vancouver and Toronto
Sikh dietary practices
- Do not believe in fasting
- Do not believe in the ritual killing of animals • Many different diets are adopted.
–Some Sikhs will not eat ____; others will not eat ____; others will not eat eggs; and, others will be vegetarian.
• Sikhs are expected to be active and alert
beef, pork
–Alcohol and intoxicants not consumed
_______: Sikh Place of worship
- Canadian Sikhs typically worship on Sunday
- A free communal meal is served; therefore, Gurdwaras require kitchens and an adjoining space for people to eat.
Gurdwara
Food served at Canadian langars (free kitchens)
• Vegetarian food/Punjabi food is the norm: roti (unleavened bread), cooked vegetables, daal (lentils), yoghurt, rice pudding, sweets and water for drinking.
- Men and women both prepare the food.
* Food preparation is usually open to all, e.g., non-Sikhs, volunteers, etc.
Langar meal
- Before the food is served, it must be _______.
- People are expected to eat all food served.
blessed
Although Sikhism discourages the use of alcohol, there is evidence that alcohol use _______ among some Sikh immigrants
increase
Buddhism
- India
- Japan, China, Korea
- Tibet, Mongolia
• Southeast Asia (Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Indonesia)
• Viewed by some as a non-_______ religion.
• Borrowed _____ concepts
– All living things go through countless cycles of death and rebirth
theistic
Hindu
Buddhism
• _____ (loving kindness) toward animals
• Cessation of rebirth can be affected by Right Living
– Abstain from taking of life
– Abstain from consumption of intoxicants that cloud the mind
Metta, loving kindness towards animals
Buddhism
• Dietary restrictions vary considerably: Monks are most likely to restrict their dietary practices
- Have moderation and self-control in eating
* Some believe that if they were not responsible for killing an animal, it is OK to eat it.
• May avoid the‘five pungent foods ’to avoid exciting the senses:
garlic, green onion, leek, chives and onion.
