Topic 1 - Ethonocultural diversity and impact on health Flashcards
What is Ethnicity?
People who share a common identity as a result of common ancestry, nation of origin, language and customs.
• Members of an ethnic group see themselves as sharing cultural traditions (food habits, dress, language, religion) and history (heritage). Differences are learned not inherited, cuture can have many ethnic groups
What is Race?
A socially constructed category of human classification determined by pigmentation, facial features, hair texture, and other biophysical characteristics.
• Race does not have biological or cultural meaning.
– A person’s “race” may be “Black”, but their ethnicity or country of origin could be, for example, Canadian, Nigerian, Kenyan, Haitian, or Jamaican.
– “White” people in Canada speak many different languages and come from many different countries of origin. No single ethnic identity unites them.
What is Aboriginal Identity?
first nation - North American Indian, treaty or registered band or first nation
metis - mixed, 1st with European blood
inuit - Aboriginal, North America, arctic, sub-arctic
indigenous > ab
What is a Visible minority?
persons other than abs who are not Caucasian or not white
Canada’s largest visible minority groups: South Asians (e.g., India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) and Chinese (e.g., People’s Republic of China including Hong Kong, Taiwan)
– The populations in Canada are both over 1 million.
• In 2011, 19.1% of the population identified as a visible minority
South Asians are Similar but
Different.
• Many countries of origin: e.g., India, Pakistan, Sri Bangladesh
• Major Religions: Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism
• Major Languages: Hindi, Punjabi, Tamil, Urdu, Bengali, Gujarati
State three classifications of Immigrants.
• 1st generation
– Persons born outside Canada.
• 2nd generation
– the first generation born in the new country – have at least one immigrant parent
• 3rd generation
– The children of 2nd or greater generation parents
One in _____ Canadians are recent immigrants
five
Recent immigrants (2006-2011) make up __.2% of foreign-born Canadians.
17,
– 3.5% of total Canadian population
– 56.9% came from Asia (including the Middle East) – 13.7% were from Europe
– 12.5% were from Africa
Population Projections for 2017.
There will be increased growth of Canada’s population of immigrants, allophones and non- Christian religious denominations.
• The proportion of foreign-born people will increase.
• About one in five people will be a visible minority, mostly South Asian or Chinese.
• The number of people whose mother tongue is
neither English nor French will reach 22% of the
population.
By 2030 visible minorities will be the majority in two cities?
Toronto and Vancouver
Are immigrants more or less healthy than the average canadian born population?
Yes, in bloodpressure, weight and physical activity.
Why are immigrants healthier than the avarage Canadian?
Many immigrants originate from regions of the world where lifestyle- associated behaviours contributing to chronic diseases are less prevalent than those observed in Canada.
What happens to the healthiness of immigrants in time?
age, normative influence lack of traditional food reduced physical activity Stress lower SES access to health care
What is the Healthy Immigrant Effect?
Even after 20 or more years, immigrants’ age-standardized mortality rates are generally lower than those of the Canadian-born population.
What are some Barriers to Immigrant Health Service Delivery?
- Immigrants may not know about existing health services or how to access health services
- Health care professionals may not speak the same language or understand the culture of the immigrant
- Lack of cultural competence on the part of the health care provider.
- Traditional health care practices more familiar
What is the SES status of recent immigrants?
• Newcomers arriving in Canada between 2000-2004 on average earned only 61 cents for every dollar earned by Canadian- born workers
• Recent immigrants from Europe were most likely to obtain employment.
• Unemployment tended to be highest among immigrants from African countries.
Health and poverty is related
Who are refugee’s?
- A person who is outside his or her home country and who has a fear of being prosecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.
- Admitted for humanitarian reasons.
Refugees may have health concerns that immigrants do not. Give an example.
• MentalHealthofRefugees:Depressionand Post Traumatic Stress Disorder are common disorders among refugees (Walker, 1999).
What are common disorders among refugees?
Depressionand Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
