Topic 8 Flashcards
1
Q
Gibbs Free Energy
A
- energy available to do work in a chemical system
2
Q
G Depends On
A
- chemical nature of molecule
- environmental conditions
- T, P, concentration
- environmental conditions
3
Q
Chemical Standard
A
- T: 298K
- P: 1 bar
- C: all molecules at 1 mol/L
4
Q
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A
- main energy carrier in living systems
- high energy bond
- because the reaction is spontaneous
5
Q
High- Energy Intermediate
A
- since it is phosphorylated
- not a transition state, it is a distinct intermediate
6
Q
Metabolism
A
- sum of all chemical processes in all cells
7
Q
Anabolism
A
- make larger molecules out of smaller
- need free energy
8
Q
Ways to Regulate an Irreversible Reaction
A
- Change amount of enzyme
- small processes, has lots of steps, takes time
- Change location of enzyme
- Allosteric Regulation (rapid)
- Covalent Modification (rapid)
9
Q
Allosteric definition
A
- “other solid” or “Other shape”
9
Q
Allosteric Enzymes
A
- changes the shape/active site ofthe enzyme
- binding of effector to allosteric site
- changes active site
- Usually multimeric
- higher [effector] = move binding
- shifts equilibrium to the right
10
Q
Covalent Modifications
A
- covalent addition of a chemical group (eg. phosphate) to the protein
- chemical group changes enyme conformation and activity
- some enzymes are inactive in phosphate form, to make them active we have to dephosphorylate them
10
Q
2 Subunits
A
- catalytic
- regulatory
