Topic 7 Flashcards
1
Q
Carbohydrates
A
- important source of energy
- used for cell-cell recognition
- a coating to protect cells/ entire organisms
2
Q
Simplest Carbohydrates
A
- monosaccharides
3
Q
Monosaccharides
A
- units that can be joined together to form larger and more complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
- General Formula: (CH2O)n
-n: usually a number between 3-7
4
Q
Glyceraldehyde
A
- Simple example of a monosaccharide
- One carbon is double bonded to an oxygen atom (carbonyl group)
- each other carbon isbonded to an OH group (an alcohol group)
5
Q
An Aldose
A
- ex . glyceraldehyde
- Carbonyl group is attatched to a terminal carbon
- double bonded to an analdehyde group
6
Q
A Ketose
A
- carbonyl group is attatched to a center carbon (a ketone group)
7
Q
Chiral Carbon
A
- carbons with 4 different chemical groups bonded to them
8
Q
Enantiomers
A
- mirror images of eachother
- same chemical groups
- They cannot be superimposed on eachother (distinct molecules)
9
Q
Hexoses
A
- contains 6 carbons
- They are all isomers of eachother (same chemical formula)
10
Q
To Number the Carbons
A
- start with the carbon closest to the carbonyl group
11
Q
D-sugar
A
- if the OH group on the highest chiral carbon is on the right
12
Q
Epimers
A
- monosaccharides that are isomers + differ only by the steveochemistry
around one carbon
13
Q
Cyclization
A
- Anomeric carbon is attched to a oxygen
14
Q
Haworth Projections
A
- OH group on carbon 1 can be up or down - both equally legitiamite
- If OH group is on the right of a fischer projection: will be down in Haworth
- If OH group is on the left of a fischer projection: Will be up in Haworth
15
Q
Anomeric Carbon
A
- a configurations possible upon cyclization
- always has 2 bonds to oxygen
