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VETAN QUIZ > Topic # 8 > Flashcards

Topic # 8 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q
  • is a complex organ, with parts derived from ectoderm and mesoderm in the head
    region
A

eye

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2
Q

Parts of the Adult Eye

A
  1. Eyeball
  2. Muscles of the eye
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3
Q
  • wall, anterior compartment, posterior compartment and lens.
A

Eyeball

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4
Q
  • intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
A

Muscles of the eye

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5
Q

The wall of the eye consists of three layers or tunics

A

a. Fibrous tunic
b. Vascular tunic
c. Nervous tunic

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6
Q
  • cornea and sclera
A

Fibrous tunic

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7
Q
  • choroid, ciliary body and ciliary processes and iris
A

Vascular tunic

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8
Q
  • retina
A

Nervous tunic

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9
Q

is composed of anterior and posterior chambers that contain
aqueous humor.

A

The anterior compartment

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10
Q

The posterior compartment consists of the vitreous chamber that contains

A

vitreous
humor

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11
Q

eyes develop from the

A

optic field

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12
Q

Through tissue interaction between the optic field
and the head mesoderm, the single optic field separates into bilateral (2)

A

lateral eye-forming
regions

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13
Q

After formation of the five (5) brain vesicles the two (2) lateral eye-forming regions
associated w/ the diencephalon evaginate laterally to become bilateral

A

optic vesicles

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14
Q

, which connects w/ the diencephalon through the optic stalk, invaginates to form a doublewalled optic cup and the original lumen of the optic vesicle becomes slit-like

A

The optic vesicle

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15
Q

The outer wall of the optic cup thins out to become the

A

pigment layer of the retina.

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16
Q

The inner wall of the optic cup collapses and thickens to become

A

the sensory
(rods and cones) layer of the retina.

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17
Q

During invagination of optic cup a gap along the optic stalk,the ________
is created

A

choroid or optic fissure,

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18
Q

The vitreous or posterior compartment develops from the

A

concavity of the optic cup

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19
Q

The vitreous or posterior compartment develops from the

A

concavity of the optic cup

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20
Q

is formed from ectomesenchyme that
enters the compartment through the optic fissure

A

the vitreous body

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21
Q

The
surface ectoderm overlying the optic vesicles, by induction from the optic vesicles and placode
formation, thickens to form the

A

lens placode.

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22
Q

cells in the deep or inner pole of the lens elongate to form_______ that push
toward the cavity of the lens vesicle, almost obliterating it.

A

lens fibers

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23
Q

Cells in the outer or superficial pole of
the lens form a single layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium called

A

lens epithelium

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24
Q

Cornea develops from 2 sources:

A

corneal epithelium
Surface ectoderm

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25
Surface ectoderm that overlies the invaginated lens vesicle, by induction from the
lens vesicle and optic cup
26
forms a 2-cell thick (basal and superficial)
corneal epithelium;
27
secrete a collagenous matrix called primary stroma
the basal cells
28
later on the corneal endothelial cells secrete into______ the primary stroma causing it to swell
hyaluronic acid
29
Fibroblasts from mesoderm migrate to the primary stroma and produce_____ (that destros the hyaluronic acid); and coarse collagen
hyaluronidase
30
Secondary stroma becomes the
substantia propria of the cornea.
31
is formed by choroid ectomesenchyme and the superficial edge of the optic cup;
The Iris
32
is the reduced opening of the optic cup
Pupil
33
is derived from the thickened choroid ectomesenchyme and caudal part of the overlapping portion of the optic cup
Ciliary apparatus (ciliary body, ciliary processes and ciliary muscles)
34
The sclera provides attachment to the muscles of the eyeball. In chick, 14 bony rings called______ surround the outer margin of the cornea
sclera ossicles
35
Development of the Accessory Structures of the Eye
1. Eyelids 2. Conjunctival Sac 3. Lacrimal Gland
36
Formed by upper and lower folds of ectoderm (skin), each fold includes a mesenchyme core
Eyelids
37
➢ Derived from the space between the eyelid and the cornea
Conjunctival Sac
38
➢ Develops by invagination and budding of conjunctival ectoderm.
Lacrimal Gland
39
Malformations of the Eye
1. Cyclopia 2. Anophthalmia 3. Coloboma 4. Microphthalmia 5. Medial strabismus 6. Cataract
40
- development of a single eye in the center of the head due to failure of the optic field to separate into 2 lateral eye-forming regions
Cyclopia
41
- absence of eye due to failure of optic vesicles to form or to severe inference w/ normal growth of optic cup
Anophthalmia
42
- a defect due to failure of the optic fissure to close
Coloboma
43
- small undeveloped eye; results from failure of the vitreous body to exert sufficient pressure for growth, often because a coloboma allowed vitreous humor to escape.
Microphthalmia
44
- medial deviation of the eyeball. Common in Siamese cat.
Medial strabismus
45
- loss of clarity of the lens. Mainly affects dogs.
Cataract
46
Divisions of the Ear
1. Inner or Internal Ear 2. Middle Ear 3. Outer or External Ear
47
An elaborate system of membranous labyrinth filled with
endolymph
48
Lies within the bony labyrinth excavated ftom the temporal bone and separated from it by the perilymphatic space filled with
perilymph
49
- contains sense organs for hearing (cochlea) and detecting head acceleration (vestibular apparatus or vesticule), the latter is important in balance. Innervated by the cochlear and vestibular divisions of cranial nerve VIII.
Inner or Internal Ear
50
- contains bones (ossicles) that convey vibrations from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the inner ear.
Middle Ear
51
- channels sound waves to the tympanic membrane.
Outer or External Ear
52
Parts of the Membranous Labyrinth
1. Utricle 2. Saccule 3. Endolymphatic duct and sac 4. Semicircular canals 5. Ductus reuniens 5. Cochlear duct
53
At about 35 hrs of incubation in chick embryo, the surface ectoderm overlying the dorsolateral wall of myelencephalon by _______, thickens to form a pair of auditory or otic placodes
placode formation
54
38 hrs of incubation, the otic placodes _____ to form auditory pits.
invaginate
55
deepen to form an otic cup.
The otic pits
56
gives off an evagination, the tubular endolymphatic duct.
The dorsal wall
57
At about 50 hrs of incubation the otic cup closes and separates from the ectoderm (vesicle formation) forming an
otic vesicle (otocyst)
58
is formed by apposition of endoderm of 1st pharyngeal pouch and ectoderm of 1st branchial groove.
Tympanic membrane
59
Dorsal part of forms the lining of the ________auditory tube and tympanic cavity (in the horse a dilation of the auditory tube develops into the guttural pouch)
the first pharyngeal pouch
60
is derived from VA 1 and VA 2 (ectomesenchymal cells) flanking the 1st branchial groove, that expand laterally. .
pinna
61
is composed of the nasal cavity, alae or wings, bridge, nostrils or anterior nares, choanae or posterior nares, nasal septum and nasolacrimal duct.
The nose
62
is the part of the nose that contains the nasal conchae. It is divided into right and left chambers by the nasal septum
The nasal cavity
63
Nasal placodes invaginate to form
olfactory or nasal pits.
64
Anterior opening of nasal pit =>. -
anterior nares
65
Posterior opening of nasal pit ->
posterior nares.
66
; the ectoderm
Nasal pit deepens to form the nasal cavity
67
Depression between the lateral nasal process and the maxillary process of the visceral arch 1 deepens to form the
nasolacrimal groove.
68
closes over to form the nasolacrimal duct
The nasolacrimal groove
69
closes over to form the nasolacrimal duct
The nasolacrimal groove
70
are groups of specialized (chemoreceptive) epithelial cells localized principally on the papillae of the tongue. Cranial nerve VII and IX innervate the taste buds.
Taste buds

VETAN QUIZ (9 decks)

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