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VETAN QUIZ > Topic 5 > Flashcards

Topic 5 Flashcards

1
Q

is the development of the specific tissues and organs of the body.

A

Organogenesis

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2
Q

Organs that perform related functions are grouped into a - .

A

system

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3
Q

How many organ are there in
systems of the body

A

11 organ

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4
Q

is composed of the brain & spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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5
Q

are the basic functional units of the CNS. It is a cell specialized to receive
stimuli from the environment and transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain where
these impulses are interpreted; and then to the effector organs (e.g. muscle, stomach,
etc.) for response.

A

The neurons
(nerve cells)

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6
Q

The connective tissue cells of the CNS are the
(oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microgliocytes and ependymal cells).

A

gliocytes

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7
Q

A neuron consists of:

A

nerve cell body
axon
dendrites

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8
Q

which contains cytoplasm and nucleus

A

nerve cell body

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9
Q

which conducts impulses away from the cell body. The axon presents at its
end many tiny branches called telodendria, where impulses leave the neuron. Several
axons may be grouped/ bundled together to form nerve tracts in the CNS or nerve
trunks in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Number of axon in all neurons is constant
and is always one.

A

axon

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10
Q

which receive stimuli from the environment and convert these stimuli into
impulses. Number of dendrites in the neuron varies from none to many.

A

dendrites

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11
Q

Classification of neurons based on the number of dendrites present:

A

Unipolar neuron
Bipolar neuron
Multipolar neuron

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12
Q

> neuron w/ only one process (axon only)

A

Unipolar neuron

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13
Q

> neuron w/ two processes (axon & dendrite)

A

Bipolar neuron

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14
Q

> neuron w/ many processes (one axon & many
dendrites)

A

Multipolar neuron

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15
Q

Enlarged cranial portion of the neural tube becomes the

A

brain

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16
Q

The slender middle and caudal portions become the

A

spinal cord

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17
Q

Neural canal becomes the of the brain and the central canal of the
spinal cord

A

ventricles

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18
Q

Neural crest cells become (1) of the PNS that have their cell bodies in
ganglia, (2) neurolemocytes (Schwann cells) of the PNS, (3) adrenal medulla
cells, (4) melanocytes of skin and (5) a variety of structures in the face

A

neurons

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19
Q

Neural crest cells become (1) of the PNS that have their cell bodies in
ganglia, (2) (Schwann cells) of the PNS, (3) adrenal medulla
cells, (4) melanocytes of skin and (5) a variety of structures in the face

A

neurolemocytes

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20
Q

Neural crest cells become (1) of the PNS that have their cell bodies in
ganglia, (2) (Schwann cells) of the PNS, (3) , (4) melanocytes of skin and (5) a variety of structures in the face

A

adrenal medulla
cells

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21
Q

Neural crest cells become (1)neurolemocytes of the PNS that have their cell bodies in
ganglia, (2) (Schwann cells) of the PNS, (3) adrenal medulla
cells, (4) of skin and (5) a variety of structures in the face

A

melanocytes

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22
Q

Neuroepithelium gives rise to neurons, (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) and

A

gliocytes and ependymal cells of the CNS

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23
Q

Layers of the Neural Tube Wall

A
  1. Germinal layer or ventricular zone
  2. Mantle layer or intermediate zone
  3. Marginal layer
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24
Q

inner layer; composed of neuroepithelial
cells that remain lining the central canal and designated as ependymal cells

A

Germinal layer or ventricular zone –

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25
Q

– middle layer; zone of high cell density,
formed by accumulation of neuroblasts and glioblasts; becomes the gray matter of
the CNS w/c contains cell bodies of neurons & several gliocytes.

A

Mantle layer or intermediate zone

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26
Q

– the outer layer surrounding the mantle layer; cell-sparse zone
where axons of neurons & some gliocytes are present; becomes the white matter
of the CNS which contains mainly myelinated axons of neurons

A

Marginal layer

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27
Q

The lateral wall of the neural tube is divided into 2 plates:

A

Alar or dorsal plate and
basal or ventral plate,

28
Q

, a indentation in the neural cavity
that serves as a landmark to divide the wall.

A

bilateral

29
Q

The contains cell bodies of
efferent or motor neurons that send axons into the PNS.

A

basal plate

30
Q

contains neurons that
receive afferent or sensory input from the PNS.

A

Alar plate

31
Q

Midline region of the wall dorsal to the neural canal constitutes the

A

roof plate

32
Q

counterpart wall ventral to the neural canal is the

A

floor plate.

33
Q

By of incubaton of chick embryo the enlarged cranial end of the neural
tube forms 3 brain vesicles:

A

27 hours

34
Q
  • occupies the rostral part of the head
A

Prosencephalon(forebrain)

35
Q

is prosocoele; presents a depression on its floor, the infundibulum

A

Neural canal

36
Q

) - located posterior to and marked off from the
prosencephalon by constriction; Neural canal is mesocoele.

A

Mesencephalon (midbrain

37
Q
  • located posteriorly and marked off from the
    mesencephalon by a slight constriction. Neural canal is rhombocoele;
    continuous posteriorly w/ the spinal cord.
A

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

38
Q

The cranial neural tube that will develop into brain presents 11 enlargements
called

A

neuromeres separated by constrictions.

39
Q

are a sign of metamerism or segmentation in the embryo.

A

Neuromeres

40
Q

– occurs at the level of the midbrain; concave ventrally.

A

Midbrain flexure

41
Q

– occurs between the midbrain and the hindbrain; concave
dorsally.

A

Pontine flexure

42
Q

– appears at the junction of the hindbrain and spinal cord;
persists slightly in domestic animals; concave ventrally

A

Cervical flexure

43
Q

Rhombocoele of metencephalon is ;

A

metacoele

44
Q

the myelencephalon is the
.

A

myelocoele

45
Q

, the latter being composed of the
optic vesicles and part of prosencephalon lying between the optic vesicles.

A

cephalic telencephalon and caudal diencephalon

46
Q

telencephalon presents a median portion called

A

median telencephalon

47
Q

2 lateral evagination called

A

lateral telencephalic vesicles.

48
Q

The paired ganglia of cranial nerves w/
sensory components have developed from cephalic neural crests. These are:

A

Semilunar ganglion
Geniculate ganglion
Superior ganglion
Jugular ganglion

49
Q

Neural canal becomes the

A

central canal.

50
Q

Malformations of the Brain

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia and atrophy
Cerebellar abiotrophy
Hydrocephalus
Hydranencephaly

51
Q
  • failure of cerebellum to develop due to
    destruction of cerebellar cortex.
A

Cerebellar hypoplasia and atrophy

52
Q
  • premature degeneration of Purkinje cell layer of
    cerebellar cortex.
A

Cerebellar abiotrophy

53
Q

– accumulation of excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the
cranial cavity.

A

Hydrocephalus

54
Q

– thin walled and greatly enlarged lateral ventricle filled with
CSF.

A

Hydranencephaly

55
Q

Malformations of the Spinal Cord

A

Myelodysplasia
Myeloschisis
Meningocoele
Meningomyelocoele

56
Q

Types of Myelodysplasia

A

Hypoplasia (aplasia)
Hydromyelia
Syrinomyelia
Diplomyelia
Diastematomyelia

57
Q

– general term for a malformation of the spinal cord. Originates
during neurula.

A

Myelodysplasia

58
Q

– reduced or absence of development of one or
more segments of spinal cord.

A

Hypoplasia (aplasia)

59
Q

– dilation of central canal due to excess accumulation of
CSF.

A

Hydromyelia

60
Q

– abnormal cavitation of the spinal cord.

A

Syrinomyelia

61
Q

– 2 spinal cords develop beside each other usually in one set
or meninges and in one vertebral canal.

A

Diplomyelia

62
Q
  • 2 spinal cords develop w/ a partition between them.
    Usually in separate vertebral canals and have separate meninges.
A

Diastematomyelia

63
Q

– cleft in the neural tube brought about by the failure of this part to close
during neurulation.

A

Myeloschisis

64
Q

– protrusion of the meninges through an opening in the vertebral
arches to form a cyst beneath the skin

A

Meningocoele

65
Q

– similar to meningocoele except that both meninges and
spinal cord protrudes.

A

Meningomyelocoele

66
Q

}
- are associated with
Meningocoele

A

Myeloschisis

67
Q

– the failure of vertebral arches to close dorsal to spinal cord.

A

Spina bifida

VETAN QUIZ (9 decks)

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