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Geography > Topic 7A and 7B - Fieldwork of human and physical landscapes > Flashcards

Topic 7A and 7B - Fieldwork of human and physical landscapes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an enquiry question?

A

It should relate to a geographical theory or a case study.

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2
Q

What should fieldwork data collection include?

A

One quantitative method and one qualitative method.

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3
Q

What is secondary data?

A

Data that someone has already collected e.g. a geology map from British Geological Survey.

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4
Q

What is the enquiry question for Walton?

A

To investigate the role of processes and management on the coast of Walton.

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5
Q

Is a field sketch/photograph quantitative or qualitative?

A

Qualitative

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6
Q

Explain a field sketch/photograph.

A

Select a random point. Sketch landforms and features they can see and annotate drawings.
Repeat in both managed and unmanaged sections.
Compare results.

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7
Q

Is a wave count quantitative or qualitative?

A

Quantitative

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8
Q

Explain a wave count.

A

Each group counted the number of waves that broke 1m away from shoreline in 1 minute.
Repeated 3 times and average wave count calculated.

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9
Q

Is a beach profile quantitative or qualitative?

A

Quantitative

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10
Q

Explain a beach profile.

A

From a random point, each group drew 15m transects perpendicular to the shore line with 0m the closest point to the sea.
At 1m intervals each group measured the height of the beach using a clinometer and ranging poles.
Repeated in both managed and unmanaged sections.

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11
Q

Explain sediment analysis.

A

From a random point, each group drew 15m transects perpendicular to the shore line with 0m the closest point to the sea.
At 5m intervals, a 100cm2 quadrat was used to calculate the percentage of different sediment types on the beach.
Repeated in both managed and unmanaged sections.

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12
Q

Explain infiltration rates.

A

From a random point, each group drew 15m transects perpendicular to the shore line with 0m the closest point to the sea.
At 5m intervals, a piece of tubing was placed on the beach and water was poured into it. And then the volume decrease would be measured in one minute.
Repeated in both managed and unmanaged sections.

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13
Q

What can the wave count tell us?

A

If the waves were constructive or destructive.
Constructive = less than 15wpm
Destructive = more than 15wpm

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14
Q

What does the beach profile tell us?

A

To see if erosional processes have changed angle of beach.
To see how effective groynes are at trapping sediment.

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15
Q

What does a field sketch or photograph show us?

A

The identification of where there was active management and where a beach had been formed to see if there was a correlation between the two.

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16
Q

What does sediment analysis show us?

A

Shows how effective groynes are if sand cover is greater than clay bedrock.
Or the effects on unmanaged areas.

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17
Q

What does infiltration rates show us?

A

The permeability of each site. Telling us where sediment build up was greater.

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18
Q

What is random sampling?

A

Selecting a person or site completely at random. It is unbiased.

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19
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

Collecting data in an ordered or regular way, eg every 5 metres or every fifth person.

20
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

Dividing sampling into groups, eg three sites from each section of coastline. It is possible to combine stratified sampling with systematic or random.

21
Q

What is stratified random sampling?

A

random samples are taken from within certain categories

22
Q

What is stratified systematic sampling?

A

regular samples are taken from within certain categories

23
Q

What 6 factors affect beach profile?

A
  1. Wave frequency
  2. Wave type
  3. Wave direction
  4. Geology
  5. Pebble size
  6. Beach management strategies
24
Q

What are the 6 stages in the enquiry process? DUPAME

A
  1. Develop a question
  2. Use a range of techniques and methods
  3. Process and present data
  4. Analyse and explain data
  5. Make conclusions
  6. Evaluate data and data collection methods
25
Q

Advantages of random sampling.

A

Unbiased as people or places are not specifically selected.
Can be used with large sample populations.

26
Q

Two types of stratified sampling.

A

Stratified random sampling
Stratified systematic sampling.

27
Q

What is stratified random sampling?

A

Random samples are taken from within certain categories.

28
Q

What is stratified systematic sampling?

A

Regular samples are taken from within certain categories.

29
Q

What is a disadvantage of random sampling?

A

Can lead to poor representation of overall population.

30
Q

What are 2 advantages of systematic sampling?

A

A better coverage of the study area than random.
More straight-forward than random.

31
Q

What is a disadvantage of systematic sampling?

A

It is more biased - might lead to over or under representation of a particular pattern.

32
Q

What are 3 advantages of stratified sampling?

A

Can be used with random or systematic sampling.
Very flexible and applicable to many types of enquiries.
Can generate results that are representative of whole population.

33
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of stratified sampling?

A

Proportions of sub-sets must be known, in order to work accurately.
Hard to stratify questionnaire data.

34
Q

Why is it hard to stratify questionnaire data?

A

Accurate up to date population data may not be available and it may be hard to identify people’s age or social background effectively.

35
Q

What is a risk assessment?

A

Planning for potentially dangerous situation.

36
Q

What is a risk assessment?

A

Planning for potentially dangerous situations.

37
Q

What is methodology?

A

Explains how to collect data.

38
Q

What is the conclusion?

A

It answers the enquiry question

39
Q

What is an evaluation?

A

It looks at potential improvements and extensions

40
Q

What should a field sketch include?

A

A title and annotations

41
Q

What are 4 ways to present quantitative data?

A
  1. Nominal
  2. Ordinal
  3. Interval
  4. Ratio
42
Q

What is nominal data?

A

Numbers that appear as categories (no = 1, yes = 2)

43
Q

What is ordinal data?

A

Numbers that have an order.

44
Q

What is interval data?

A

Similar to ordinal, but difference between each number is equal.

45
Q

What is ratio data?

A

Shows relationship between two sets of numbers.

46
Q

3 types of qualitative data.

A
  1. Field sketches
  2. Questionnaires
  3. Maps
47
Q

What does stratified sampling use?

A

Categories.

Geography (8 decks)

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