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Geography > Topic 6 - Energy resource management > Flashcards

Topic 6 - Energy resource management Flashcards

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1
Q

Define energy mix

A

the proportion of different energy sources used in a country

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2
Q

define carbon footprint

A

a measure of all the GHG’s we individually produce expressed as tonnes (or kg) of carbon dioxide equivalent

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3
Q

define biodiversity

A

the number and variety of living species found in a specific area

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4
Q

define fracking

A

a process which involves drilling down into the earth and using a high- pressure water mixture to release gas trapped inside a rock.

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5
Q

define ecological footprint

A

The area of productive land used to produce consumed goods and the wastes generated.

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6
Q

advantages of fossil fuels

A

Generate large amounts of energy.
Reliable - large reserves

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7
Q

disadvantages of fossil fuels

A

non- renewable, contributes to global warming

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8
Q

advantages of nuclear power (3)

A

reliable
does not emit greenhouse gases
effective - relatively low fuel costs in comparison to the energy produced

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9
Q

advantages of HEP (3)

A

renewable, more reliable than wind or solar power, does not contribute to global warming, provides jobs

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10
Q

disadvantages of HEP (3)

A

Changes the path of rivers which could disrupt wildlife and move people out of their homes
Electricity used to pump water may have come from fossil fuel sources
Infrastructure is expensive

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11
Q

Advantages of biofuels

A

More reliable than wind or solar, efficient, reduces the dependency on oil and gas

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12
Q

disadvantages of biofuels

A

deforestation, needs high water supplies to grow crops

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13
Q

define sustainable

A

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future.

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14
Q

Factors that affect energy supply in countries?

A

economic, physical,political,technological

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15
Q

Why is energy consumption rising?

A

Population growing
Economic growth (more countries becoming more economically developed will increase demand for energy and electricity)
Advances in technology (it becomes easier to access energy)

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16
Q

Environmental impacts of shale gas extraction (3)

A

Mini earthquakes in areas of fracking
Pollute water supplies
Deforestation and destruction of animals habitats

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17
Q

Environmental impacts of tar sand extraction

A

Pollute water supplies
Deforestation
Destruction of animals habitats

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18
Q

Define biotic

A

Related to a living organism

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19
Q

Define Abiotic

A

Related to a non-living organism

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20
Q

What is a non-renewable resource?

A

Takes million of years to form and is exhaustible.

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21
Q

What are some examples of non-renewable resources?

A

Coal, oil, natural gas and uranium.

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22
Q

Where are biotic resources obtained from?

A

Biosphere.

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23
Q

Where are abiotic resources obtained from?

A

Lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.

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24
Q

What is a renewable resource?

A

Can be replenished and is inexhaustible.

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25
Q

What are the impacts from human exploitation of resources?

A
  1. Deforestation
  2. Overfishing
  3. Oil extraction
  4. Farming
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26
Q

What does deforestation threaten?

A

Biodiversity and causes soil erosion.

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27
Q

What is an impact of oil extraction?

A

Toxic water pollutes rivers that indigenous people rely upon for cooking, washing and fishing.

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28
Q

What is an impact of intensive farming?

A

Threatens biodiversity.

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29
Q

Where are fossil fuels like coal usually found?

A

Sedimentary rock regions - Canada and the US.

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30
Q

Where is gold often found?

A

Past tectonically active areas like Australia.

31
Q

Where is copper found?

A

South America and South Africa.

32
Q

Where are oil and gas extracted from in the UK?

A

North Sea.

33
Q

Where in the UK does arable farming take place and why?

A

East Anglia - warm summers, flatter land, fertile soils.

34
Q

What is common in the north west of England and why?

A

Hill sheep farming - upland areas and high precipitation.

35
Q

Where in the world is energy usage highest?

A

Developed countries - but is rising in China and India.

36
Q

Where is energy usage low?

A

Less developed countries.

37
Q

Where is food consumption high?

A

Wealthy countries - USA.

38
Q

Where is food consumption low?

A

Many African countries.

39
Q

What are advantages of wind power?

A

Cheapest renewable energy.
Doesn’t pollute the atmosphere.

40
Q

What are the disadvantages of wind power?

A

Only produces energy if there is wind.
Expensive.
Unattractive.

41
Q

What changes are being made to the UK energy mix?

A

Fossil fuels consumption is decreasing.
Renewables increasing.

42
Q

What makes up the UK’s energy mix?

A

Coal, oil, gas, biofuels, renewables.

43
Q

What factors affect the variation of different countries energy mix’s?

A

Population
Wealth
Availability

44
Q

How does wealth influence a countries energy mix?

A

Can afford different energy types.
Poorer countries cannot afford renewables.

45
Q

How does availability influence a countries energy mix, give an example?

A

Iceland has a high percentage of geothermal energy due to it’s location.
Other countries must import coal or oil.

46
Q

What are the 3 reasons why demand and supply for energy has changed in the past 100 years?

A

Rapid population growth.
Rising wealth - people more able to afford goods that require energy (cars).
Advances in technology - more energy sources

47
Q

What is a disadvantage of coal on people?

A

Mining is dangerous.

48
Q

What is a disadvantage of coal on the environment?

A

Causes air and water pollution.
Causes subsidence.

49
Q

What is an advantage of oil on people?

A

Creates jobs.

50
Q

What is a disadvantage of oil on people?

A

Harmful chemicals.

51
Q

What are some disadvantages of oil on the environment?

A

Land clearance.
Oil spills pollute groundwater.

52
Q

What is an advantage of natural gas on people?

A

Safer than coal or oil.

53
Q

What is a disadvantage of natural gas on the environment?

A

Fewer emissions but contributes to global warming.

54
Q

What is a disadvantage of uranium on people?

A

Expensive and risk of exposure to radiation.

55
Q

What is an advantage of uranium on the environment?

A

Produces less C02.

56
Q

What is a disadvantage of uranium on the environment?

A

Highly radioactive.

57
Q

Social advantage of solar power.

A

Creates jobs

58
Q

Social disadvantage of solar power.

A

Requires large amounts of farmland - less land for food.

59
Q

Environmental disadvantage of solar power.

A

Construction uses toxic metals that can harm the environment.

60
Q

Disadvantages of fracking.

A

Chemicals are polluting. Uses a lot of water.

61
Q

Advantage of fracking.

A

Could provide the UK with shale gas, reducing the need to import natural gas.

62
Q

How does the UK gov. see fracking?

A

As a financial benefit, generating money for industry and services.

63
Q

What groups are against fracking?

A

Greenpeace - also against fossil fuels and nuclear energy.

64
Q

What is sustainable management?

A

Ensuring the present needs are met without compromising the resources in the future.

65
Q

What 2 factors will encourage governments to use renewable energy sources?

A

Growing populations and rapid economic development.

66
Q

What are individuals view on energy sources?

A

Many people are using energy efficient products, but many think they are expensive and look ugly.

67
Q

What are organisations view on energy sources?

A

Businesses see renewable good for public relations.
Too expensive for smaller companies.

68
Q

What are governments view on energy sources?

A

Shared targets by world leaders to reduce global warming.

69
Q

What methods are governments using to reduce climate change?

A

Sustainable transport.
Bicycle schemes.
Congestion charges.

70
Q

What percentage of global carbon emissions does China produce?

A

29%

71
Q

What are China’s strategies to manage energy resources?

A

Three Gorges Dam
Solar power - the leading solar power producer
Coal restrictions - laws restricting the use of coal.

72
Q

What proportion of Germany’s electricity comes from renewables?

A

1/3

73
Q

What strategy encourages the use of renewables?

A

People are paid for the renewable energy they produce.

74
Q

What renewable energy projects does Germany have?

A

Massive solar parks and offshore wind farms.

Geography (8 decks)

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