topic 7 - stress and mood disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

conditions for a stressful response

A

being attacked
- hunger
- cold
- attacking somebody
- overheating

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2
Q

what nervous system is involved with stress response

A

sympathetic nervous system
para-sympathetic nervous system is being inhibited

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3
Q

what does the stress response do to the sympathetic nervous system

A
  • constricts blood vessels
  • stimulates release of glucose from the liver
  • inhibits digestive system in order to get the energy into your bloodstream faster
  • inhibits tears and salvation
  • relaxes airways so more air can come in
  • speeds heartbeat
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4
Q

what neurotransmitter used by the post-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system

A

noradrenaline - makes ur heart beat go faster

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5
Q

adrenal cortex

A

cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland but think of them as seperate glands
- PVN releases CRF
- releases cortisol which is a glucocorticoid
- one of the main functions of cortisol is to release glucose from stores to keep concentration high in the bloodstream
- it is triggered by the arrival of ACTH from the binding to the receptors
- ACTH triggers the enzymes to start making cortisol and releases it into the bloodstream

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6
Q

adrenal medulla as part of the stress response

A

gets innovation from the pre-ganglionic neurons as part of the sympathetic nevous system which releases acetylcholine onto the adrenal medulla which then releases noradrenaline and adrenaline into the bloodstream
^ triggered by neural signals coming across the pre ganglionic neurons

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7
Q

ACTH

A

released into the bloodstream by the anterior pituitary gland
- CRF triggers the release of ATCH
- CRF is released by neurons in the hypothalamus (para ventricular nucleus, PVN) and their axons release CRF into the bloodstream

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8
Q

what hormone will peak first when a stress response is active

A

adrenaline

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9
Q

the two pathways to the two different endocrine logical responses to stress

A
  • sympathetico adrenal medullary axis
  • HPA axis - hypothalamo pituitary adrenal axis
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10
Q

activation of the stress response

A

amygdala:
- central nucleus of the amygdala: involved in homeostatic challenges (physical)
- medial nucleus of the amygdala: in response to psychogenic challenges (emotional, feeling uneasy)
- subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (indirect activation, involved with depression as well)

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11
Q

direct feedback of cortisol on the PVN

A
  • cortisol binds to glucocorticoid receptors
  • this triggers the release of endocannibinoids
  • these inhibit the release of glutamate from pre-synaptic terminals onto PVN which also means CRF isn’t being stimulated so not being released
  • negative feedback
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12
Q

genetic predisposition example

A

BDNF polymorphism:
- if u have specific type of BDNF you’re more likely:
increased chances of depression
increased sensitivity to stressful life events
increased sensitivity to childhood adversity

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