TOPIC 7: Sanitary Drainage Systems Flashcards
TRUE OR FALSE: General Rules in designing the Sanitary system; The pipes should take the longest possible route to the house sewer or the terminating point of the Sanitary system.
FALSE: The pipes should take the shortest possible route to
the house sewer or the terminating point of the Sanitary system
TRUE OR FALSE: General Rules in designing the Sanitary system; Control components such as clean-outs, traps, and vents, should be located strategically so as to ensure efficient circulation
TRUE
Subsystems of the
Sanitary System:
Waste Collection System
Ventilation System
Essential Parts of the
Sanitary Drainage System
Waste Pipe
Vent Pipe
Trap
Stack
Branch
House/Building Drain
House/Building Sewer
Conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter
Waste Pipe
used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
Vent Pipe
a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul air or methane gas without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through it.
Trap
the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent pipings extending through one or more stories and extended thru the roof.
Stack
any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or stack.
Branch
part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the
discharges from the soil, waste and other
drainage pipes inside of a building and conveys it to the house sewer outside of the building.
House/Building Drain
extends from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with the street sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveying the drainage of one building site.
House/Building Sewer
House/Building Sewer extends from the house drain at a point ______ from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with the street sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveying the drainage of one building site.
0.60 meters
CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF SANITARY
DRAINAGE LINES
- Horizontal to Horizontal change in direction
- Vertical to Horizontal change in direction
- Horizontal to vertical change in direction
use 45° wye branches, combination wye – 1/8 bend branches, or other approved fittings of equivalent sweep
Horizontal to Horizontal change in direction
45° wye branches or other approved fittings of equivalent
sweep
Vertical to Horizontal change in direction
use 45° or 60° wye branches, combination wye -1/8 bend branches, sanitary tee or sanitary tapped tee branches, or other approved fittings of equivalent sweeps.
Horizontal to vertical change in direction
TRUE OR FALSE: No fitting having more than one inlet at the same level
shall be used (i.e., sanitary cross)
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Double sanitary tees may be used when the barrel of the fitting is at least two pipe (3) sizes larger than the largest inlet, (pipe sizes recognized for this purpose are 51, 64, 76, 89, 102, 114, 127, & 152 mm dia.)
FALSE: Double sanitary tees may be used when the barrel of the fitting is at least two pipe (2) sizes larger than the largest inlet, (pipe sizes recognized for this purpose are 51, 64, 76, 89, 102, 114, 127, & 152 mm dia.)
TRUE OR FALSE: The size of waste pipes or soil pipes depend on the amount of waste it carries.
TRUE
A lavatory discharges _______ (7.5 gallons per min or 1 cu ft per min), which is equivalent to the Fixture Unit (F.U.)
0.47 liters/sec or 28.3 liters/min
A lavatory discharges 0.47 liters/sec or 28.3 liters/min (______), which is equivalent to the Fixture Unit (F.U.)
7.5 gallons per min or 1 cu ft per min
A lavatory discharges 0.47 liters/sec or 28.3 liters/min (7.5 gallons per min or 1 cu ft per min), which is equivalent to the ______
Fixture Unit (F.U.)
TRUE OR FALSE: The F.U. rating of plumbing fixtures is based on the color of the required trap.
FALSE: The F.U. rating of plumbing fixtures is based on the size of required trap.
Maximum Trap Loading: Pipe Size: F.U.
32 mm: 1
Item No.: 1
Maximum Trap Loading: Pipe Size: F.U.
38 mm: 3
Item No.: 2
Maximum Trap Loading: Pipe Size: F.U.
51 mm: 4
Item No.: 3
Maximum Trap Loading: Pipe Size: F.U.
76 mm: 6
Item No.: 4
Maximum Trap Loading: Pipe Size: F.U.
102 mm: 8
Item No.: 5
Capacity over 3.15 L/s shall
be determined by the
Administrative Authority.
For a continuous flow into a
drainage system, such as
from sump pump or ejector,
air-conditioning equipment or
similar devices, _____
fixture units shall be allowed
for every ____ of flow.
two (2); 0.063 L/s
1 gpm = ____ L/s
0.063
Discharge Capacity: Liters/Sec (GPM): F.U.
Up to 0.47 L/s (Up to 7.5 gpm) : 1
Item No.: 1
Discharge Capacity: Liters/Sec (GPM): F.U.
0.50 to 0.95 (8 to 15 gpm) : 2
Item No.: 2
Discharge Capacity: Liters/Sec (GPM): F.U.
1 to 1.89 (16 to 30 gpm) : 4
Item No.: 3
Discharge Capacity: Liters/Sec (GPM): F.U.
1.95 to 3.15 (31 to 50 gpm) : 6
Item No.: 4
Minimum slope or pitch of horizontal drainage pipe – ____.
2% or 20mm/m (¼” per foot)
Where it is impracticable due to depth of street sewer, adverse structural features and irregular building plans, pipes _____ diameter or larger may have a slope of not less than _____ approved by the Administrative Authority
102 mm ; 1% or 10mm/m (1/8” per foot),
Types of Permissible Traps:
Common P-Trap
Deep Deal P-Trap
Stand Trap
Running Trap
Drum Trap
Used for lavatories, kitchen sinks,
laundry tubs, & urinals
Common P-Trap
Materials commonly used for the
P-trap: nickel, chrome plated brass,
Galvanized malleable copper, & PVC.
Common P-Trap
Water seal is about twice the size of
The common P-trap
Deep Deal P-Trap
Used for fixtures such as slop sinks
that are usually built low in the
ground, leaving very little space for a
foundation & a trap
Stand Trap
Used for extreme conditions because
resealing quality is greater
Deep Deal P-Trap
Serves as a water seal & structural
support for the fixture
Stand Trap
Used within the line of
the house drain
Running Trap
Has a large diameter (around 0.16 m)
Used for fixtures that discharge large amount of water (bathtubs, shower or floor drains)
Drum Trap
Types of Prohibited Traps:
- Traps with movable parts or concealed interior partitions
- No shall be double-trapped
- The S-Trap
The S-Trap
- Predecessor of P-traps
- Used before traps had to connect to a ventilation line
Traps REQUIREMENT: TRUE OR FALSE: Each plumbing fixture, except those with integral traps, shall be separately trapped with an approved-type waterseal trap.
TRUE
Traps REQUIREMENT: TRUE OR FALSE: Multiple traps shall be permitted on a trap arm (portion of a fixture drain between a trap and the vent).
FALSE: Only one trap shall be permitted
on a trap arm (portion of a fixture drain
between a trap and the vent)
Traps REQUIREMENT: One trap, centrally located, may serve ____ single compartment sinks or laundry tubs or lavatories, adjacent to each other and in the same room, where their waste outlets
are not more than ____ apart.
three; 0.75 m
SIZE OF TRAPS: The trap shall be a different size than the trap arm to which it is connected.
FALSE: The trap shall be the same size as the trap arm to which it is
connected.
Each fixture trap shall have a trap seal of water of not less than ____ and not more than ____ (except where a deeper seal is found necessary by the
Administrative Authority for special conditions.
51 mm; 102 mm
Minimum sizes of traps for common plumbing fixtures: Trap and Trap arm size: F.U.
38 mm : 2
- Bathtubs
- Bidets
Minimum sizes of traps for common plumbing fixtures: Trap and Trap arm size: F.U.
51 mm : 2
- Floor drains
- Shower, single stall
Minimum sizes of traps for common plumbing fixtures: Trap and Trap arm size: F.U.
38 mm : 2
- Sink (residential)
Minimum sizes of traps for common plumbing fixtures: Trap and Trap arm size: F.U.
51 mm : 3
- Urinal, wall mounted, integral trap
Minimum sizes of traps for common plumbing fixtures: Trap and Trap arm size: F.U.
32 mm : 1
- Wash Basin (single)
Minimum sizes of traps for common plumbing fixtures: Trap and Trap arm size: F.U.
76 mm : 4
- Water Closet (private installation)
Minimum sizes of traps for common plumbing fixtures: Trap and Trap arm size: F.U.
76 mm : 6
- Water Closet (public installation)
INSTALLATION OF TRAPS:
The vertical distance between a fixture outlet tailpiece and the trap weir shall not exceed ____ in length.
0.60 m
Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms: Distance to vent: 0.76
32 mm
Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms: Distance to vent: 1.07
38 mm
Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms: Distance to vent: 1.52
51 mm
Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms: Distance to vent: 1.83
76 mm
Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms: Distance to vent: 3.05 m
102 mm and larger
The developed length of the trap arm (measured from the top of closet ring to inner edge of vent ) of a water closet or
similar fixture shall not exceed ___.
1.8 m
For trap arm ___ diameter or larger, a cleanout is required for a
change of direction of greater than ___
76 mm; 22 ½ °
a device designed and installed to separate and
retain deleterious, hazardous or undesirable matters from normal
wastes and permits normal sewage or liquid wastes to discharge
into the disposal terminal by gravity
Interceptors
Interceptors shall have a water seal of
not less than ____ deep.
152 mm
TRUE OR FALSE: Each interceptor shall be properly vented.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Slaughterhouses, packing establishments, and any establishment which discharges wastewater with considerable amounts of grease, hairs, feathers, etc. shall drain directly into the sewer system without passing through a screening device or grease interceptor.
FALSE: Slaughterhouses, packing establishments, and any
establishment which discharges wastewater with considerable amount of grease, hairs, feathers , etc. shall drain through a screening device and thence into a grease interceptor.
TRUE OR FALSE: Auto wash racks and/or floor or slabs used for cleaning
machinery or machine parts shall be adequately protected against storm or surface water and shall drain into an
interceptor which will separate oil and grease before the effluent reaches the public stream.
TRUE
Cleanout required:
at the _____ of every horizontal sewer or waste line
upper terminal
Cleanout required:
at each run of piping more than _____ in total developed length
15 meters (50 feet)
Cleanout required:
at every 15 m (50 ft) of total ___ thereof
developed length or a fraction
Cleanout required:
additional clean-out shall be provided on a horizontal line with an aggregate offset angle exceeding ___
135°
Cleanout required:
inside the building near the connection between the building __and the___ or installed outside the building at the lower end of the building drain and extended to grade.
drain ; building sewer
Cleanouts not required:
on a horizontal drain _____ in length unless such
line is serving sinks or urinals.
less than 1.5 m
Cleanouts not required:
on short horizontal drainage pipe installed at a slope of ____ or less from the vertical line (or at an angle of ___)
72 deg; 1/5 bend
TRUE OR FALSE: The size of the clean-out shall have no relation to the size of the pipe served.
FALSE: Size of clean-out shall be in conformity with the size of pipe
served
Clean-Out Size: Size of pipe: Size of cleanout
38 mm : 38 mm
11-1/2 THREADS
PER 25.4MM
Clean-Out Size: Size of pipe: Size of cleanout
51 mm : 38 mm
11-1/2 THREADS
PER 25.4MM
Clean-Out Size: Size of pipe: Size of cleanout
64 mm : 64 mm
8 THREADS
PER 25.4MM
Clean-Out Size: Size of pipe: Size of cleanout
76 mm : 64 mm
8 THREADS
PER 25.4MM
Clean-Out Size: Size of pipe: Size of cleanout
102 mm and larger : 89 mm
8 THREADS
PER 25.4MM
INSTALLATION OF
CLEAN-OUTS:
Each clean-out shall be installed so it opens with the ___ or ___ to the direction of flow except in the case of a wye branch.
direction of flow or at right angles
INSTALLATION OF
CLEAN-OUTS:
Each 90° clean-out extension shall be constructed from _____
a wye fitting or an approved fitting of equivalent sweep.
INSTALLATION OF
CLEAN-OUTS:
Each clean-out 51 mm or less shall have a front clearance of not less than ___ ; those 51 mm or more shall have a front clearance of _____.
305 mm ; 450 mm
INSTALLATION OF
CLEAN-OUTS:
Clean-outs in underfloor piping shall be extended to or above finish floor or shall be extended outside the building when there is less than ____ or _____ to the means of access.
450 mm vertical clearance or 750 horizontal clearance
INSTALLATION OF
CLEAN-OUTS:
No underfloor clean-out for residential occupancies shall be
located ______ an access door, trap door or
crawl hole.
more than 6.1 m from
GREASE TRAPS:
For establishments like restaurants, cafes, lunch counters, cafeterias, bars and clubs, hotel, hospital, sanitarium, factory or school kitchens. A grease trap is not required for _____.
individual dwelling units
GREASE TRAPS:
No grease trap shall be installed for a facility that has an approved rate of flow of more than ____ nor less than ____.
3.4 liters per second
(54.26 gpm) ; 1.3 L/s (20.74 gpm)
GREASE TRAPS:
Each grease trap shall have an approved water seal of not
less than ____or the diameter of its outlet, whichever is greater.
51 mm in depth
GREASE TRAPS:
No food waste disposal unit shall discharge into a ___ or ___.
grease interceptor or grease trap
Used for fixtures where grease may be introduced into the drainage or sewer system in quantities that can effect line
stoppage or hinder sewage treatment or private sewage disposal.
GREASE TRAPS:
2 Main types of Grease traps
- Earth Cooled Grease Trap
- Mechanical Grease Trap
Operating Principles (separation of grease from water): grease suspended in waste ______
floats to the surface
Grease Trap Capacity: Required rate of flow: Grease Retention Capacity
76 L/ min. 18 Kg
Total # of fixtures connected: 1
Grease Trap Capacity: Required rate of flow: Grease Retention Capacity
95 L/ min. 23 Kg
Total # of fixtures connected: 2
Grease Trap Capacity: Required rate of flow: Grease Retention Capacity
132 L/ min. 32 Kg
Total # of fixtures connected: 3
Grease Trap Capacity: Required rate of flow: Grease Retention Capacity
189 L/ min. 45 Kg
Total # of fixtures connected: 4
Placed in the house drain immediately inside the foundation wall
of the building
HOUSE TRAPS:
Used to prevent groundwater from seeping through the
basement walls & foundation
Hollow tiles are placed around the perimeter of the foundation
where water is collected; drain tiles are connected to the house
drain or sump pit
DRAIN TILES:
a.k.a. garage catch basin
Operating Principles: trap is filled with water & located at the
lowest point of the garage so it can collect all wastes.
Garage Traps:
Used in house drain to prevent the unlikely occurrence of
back flows
Similar to check valves
Back Flow Valves:
Pumps the wastes up form the sump pit to the sewers (which
are usually higher than basement levels)
Sewage Ejectors:
