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TOPIC 10: Sewage Disposal System Flashcards

1
Q

the final stage of the plumbing process;
where used water and water-carried wastes are brought to
various disposal outlets

A

DISPOSAL PHASE

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2
Q

A watertight covered receptacle designed and constructed
to receive the discharge of sewage from a building sewer,
separate solids from the liquid, digest organic matter and
store digested solids through a period of detention, and
allow the clarified liquids to discharge for final disposal

A

SEPTIC TANKS

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3
Q

solid organic matter that are denser than water
and settle at the bottom of the septic tank

A

SLUDGE-

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4
Q

lighter organic material that rise to the surface of
the water

A

SCUM-

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5
Q

liquid content of sewage

A

EFFLUENT-

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6
Q

Bacteria in septic tank
to encourage decomposition

A
  • Aerobic bacteria
  • Anaerobic bacteria
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7
Q

relies on oxygen to survive

A

Aerobic bacteria

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8
Q

can survive in places without
oxygen

A

Anaerobic bacteria

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9
Q

Minimum dimensions of septic tanks

A

Minimum
dimensions-
L= 1500mm
W=900mm
D=1200mm

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10
Q

DESIGN CRITERIA:

A
  • Plans
  • Quality of Designs
  • Materials
  • Compartments
  • Manholes
  • SIZES OF PIPE INLET & OUTLET & THEIR VERTICAL LEGS:
  • LENGTH AND LOCATION OF INLET & OUTLET
  • VENT DIAMETER
  • AIR SPACE
  • PARTITION
  • STRUCTURE:
  • CAPACITY:
  • LOCATION:
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11
Q

should show all dimensions, reinforcing, structural calculations, and such other ___ as needed.

A

PLANS: pertinent data

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12
Q

shall be such as to produce a clarified effluent of acceptable standards and shall provide adequate space for ___ accumulations.

A

QUALITY OF DESIGN; sludge and scum

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13
Q
  • constructed of durable materials, not subject to excessive
    _____, shall be watertight.
  • cement (most common) or pre-fabricated cast iron
A

MATERIALS: corrosion or decay

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14
Q

Septic tanks have two compartments:

A

First and second compartments

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15
Q

not less than 2/3 capacity of the total
capacity of tank; not less than 2 cum liquid capacity;
shall be at least 0.9 m width and 1.5 m long; Liquid
depth not less than 0.6 m nor more than 1.8 m

A

First compartment:

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16
Q

First compartment: not less than __ capacity of the total capacity of tank; not less than ___ capacity;
shall be at least ___ width and ___ long; Liquid depth not less than ___ nor more than ___.

A

2/3 ; 2 cum liquid
0.9 m ; 1.5 m
0.6 m ; 1.8 m

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17
Q

maximum capacity of 1/3 total
capacity of tank; minimum of 1 cum liquid capacity

A

Secondary compartment:

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18
Q

Secondary compartment: maximum capacity of __ total
capacity of tank; minimum of __ liquid capacity

A

1/3; 1 cum

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19
Q

In septic tanks having over 6 cum capacity, the secondary
compartment should be not less than ___ in length.

A

1.5 m

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20
Q

maintain a slope of ___ at the bottom of the digestion chamber to collect the sludge and make it easily accessible
from the manhole

A

1:10

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21
Q

with at least two (2) manholes, ___ in min dimension;
one over inlet, other over outlet. Wherever first compartment
exceeds ___ in length, an additional manhole required
over the baffle wall.

A

MANHOLES: 508 mm; 3.7 m

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22
Q

– diameter size not less than the
sewer pipe

Vertical legs of inlet and outlet pipes – diameter size not less
than the sewer pipe nor less than ___

A

SIZES OF PIPE INLET & OUTLET & THEIR
VERTICAL LEGS; Inlet and Outlet pipes; 104.6 mm.

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23
Q

Shall extend 101.6 mm above and at least 304.8 mm below
the water surface

Invert of the inlet pipe shall be at a level not less than ___
mm above the invert of the outlet pipe.

A

LENGTH AND LOCATION OF INLET & OUTLET:; 50.8

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24
Q

equal to the cross sectional area of the house sewer.

A

VENT DIAMETER:

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25
Q

Side walls shall extend 228.6 mm above liquid depth.

Cover of septic tank shall be at least ___ above the
back vent openings.

A

AIR SPACE: 50.8 mm

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26
Q

An inverted fitting equivalent in size to the tank inlet, but in
no case less than ___ in diameter, shall be installed in
the inlet compartment side of the baffle with the bottom of
the fitting placed midway in the depth of the liquid. Wooden
baffles are prohibited.

A

PARTITION (between compartments); 104.6 mm

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27
Q

Shall be capable of supporting an earth load of not
less than ____

A

STRUCTURE: 14.4 kPa

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28
Q

The capacity of septic tanks is determined by the _____ in dwelling occupancies; by
the estimated waste/sewage design flow rate for various
building occupancies; or by the number of fixture units of all
plumbing fixtures; whichever is greater.

The capacity of any one septic tank and its drainage system
shall also be limited by the ____ in its
drainage field.

A

CAPACITY; number of
bedrooms or apartment units; soil structure classification

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29
Q

Should not be located ____ the house
:
At least 15 meters from the water distribution system

A

LOCATION; underneath

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30
Q

3 degrees or grades of
waste water

A

Grey Water( Area water)
Black Water
Storm Water

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31
Q

Waste water with the exception of human wastes

From laundries, wash basins, sinks, tubs, etc.

A

Grey Water (or Area Water)

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32
Q

Water plus solid and liquid human wastes

A

Black Water

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33
Q

Rainwater only

A

Storm Water

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34
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SEWERS

A

Combination Public Sewers
Storm Sewers
Sanitary Sewers

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35
Q

Carries regular sanitary wastes only
Terminates in a modern sewage disposal plant for
treatment
Built at a depth of 3 meters (tributaries)

A

Sanitary Sewers

35
Q

Oldest variety
Carries both storm & sanitary wastes

A

Combination Public Sewers

36
Q

2 TYPES OF SANITARY SEWERS:

A

Tributary Sewers
Intercepting Sewers

37
Q
  • a.k.a. ‘collecting sewers’
  • Termination points of tributary sewers
  • Lifting stations are placed at certain intervals and pumps or sewage ejectors are used to lift the waste; sewers terminate at the disposal plant
A

Intercepting Sewers

37
Q
  • Termination points of individual units or structures
  • Usually round shaped, with diameters between 0.60 to 1.2 meters
  • Made of vitrified clay or cement pipes; often installed by the curb line, before the street
  • Normally laid in the Northern or Eastern side of streets with east-west or north-south orientations
A

Tributary Sewers

38
Q

Intercepting Sewers
- Placed much lower in the ground, from ____ in depth
- Varies in shape but have a diameter or effective opening ranging from ____
- Sloped at an angle of ____

A

4 to 30 meters; 0.60 to 3 meters; 1:50 or 2%

39
Q

Sewers REQUIRED
Drainage pipes of all buildings shall be connected to the ____. When not available, they shall be connected to an approved ____

A

public sewer; private sewage disposal system.

40
Q

Sewers REQUIRED:
Public sewer may be considered as not being available if it is more than ____ from any proposed building or exterior drainage facility.

41
Q

Sewers REQUIRED Exception: Single family dwellings with an existing private sewage disposal system may not be connected to a new public sewer when no _____ is evident and when there is no sufficient grade or
fall existing to permit proper drainage flow by gravity to the public sewer.

A

hazard, nuisance or unsanitary condition

42
Q

DAMAGE TO PUBLIC SEWER OR
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
It is ____ to discharge any ashes, cinders, solids, rags,
flammable, poisonous, explosive liquids or gases, oils,
grease, and other things whatsoever which would cause
damage to the public sewer or private disposal system.

43
Q

DAMAGE TO PUBLIC SEWER OR
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
No ______ shall discharge into
any excreta drainage system.

A

rain, surface or subsurface waters

44
Q

DAMAGE TO PUBLIC SEWER OR
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
No cesspool and septic tank effluents, seepage pit or under drain system shall be connected to the _____ leading to a public sewer main.

A

excreta building sewer

45
Q

DAMAGE TO PUBLIC SEWER OR
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
No _____ shall be connected to a private or public sewage disposal system.

A

commercial food waste grinder

46
Q

INSTALLATION OF SEWER:
Building sewers shall be run in practical alignment at a
uniform slope of not less than ____ toward the point of disposal.

A

2% or 21 mm/m

46
Q

SIZE OF SEWER:
The minimum size of any building sewer shall be
determined on the basis of the _____
drained by such sewer. No building sewer shall be smaller
than _____ nor less in size than the building drain.

A

total number of fixture units; 150 mm diameter

47
Q

INSTALLATION OF SEWER:
Exception: When impractical due to depth of street sewer, structural features or to adverse arrangement of building, to obtain a slope of ___, sewers in diameter may have a slope of not less than 1% (10.5 mm/m) and those 203 mm diameter and larger may have a slope of not less
than ____

A

2%; 102 mm and 152 mm; 0.5% (5.3 mm/m)

48
Q

INSTALLATION OF SEWER:
No building sewer shall be
installed less than ____
from the outer face of any
building foundation, nor
less than ___ below the
finish surface of the ground

A

0.6 M; 0.3 M

49
Q

INSTALLATION OF SEWER:
Building sewer or drainage pipe of clay or materials which
are not approved for use within a building shall not be laid in
the same trench as water pipes unless:

  • the bottom of the water pipe is ___
    above the top of the sewer pipe
    (NPC 1208.1.1),
  • the water pipe is placed
    on a ____
    at one side of the common
    trench with a minimum
    horizontal distance of at
    least 0.3 m from the sewer
    or drain pipe
    (NPC 1208.1.2).
A

0.3M; solid shelf excavated

49
Q

INSTALLATION OF SEWER:
Location of building sewer in relation to other services is
shown below.
____ from any building or structure
15.2 m from ____
___ from streams
0.30 m from ____
____ from public water main

A

0.60 m; water supply wells; 15.2 m; domestic supply pipes; 0.30 m

50
Q

Water pipes crossing sewer or drainage pipe of clay or materials which are not approved for use within a building shall be laid a minimum of ___ clear above the sewer or drain pipe. Water pipe joint shall be installed not less than 3 meters away from sewer line in both directions.

51
Q

Private sewage disposal system common in rural areas for
structures with large adjacent open fields

A

DISPOSAL FIELDS

52
Q

dependent on the required _____, whichever is greater, and; the type of soil found in the excavation.

A

AREA; septic tank capacity or estimated sewage flow rate

53
Q

No excavation for leach bed shall extend within ___ of the
water table.

A

DISTANCE FROM WATER TABLE: 1.5 m

54
Q

Filter material in the trenches shall terminate ____ from pit
excavation and the pipe extending from such points to the
seepage pit shall be watertight.

A

WITH SEEPAGE PIT: 1.5 m

55
Q

a loosely lined excavation in the ground, which receives the
discharge of a septic tank; designed to permit effluent to
seep through pit bottom and sides

A

SEEPAGE PITS

56
Q

based on the quantity of ____ and on the character and porosity of the surrounding soil

A

CAPACITY: liquid waste

57
Q

Circular in shape with excavated diameter of not less than
____ and to be lined with clay or concrete brick.

A

SIZE OF SEEPAGE PIT: 2.2 m

58
Q

_____ shall have a minimum
compressive strength of 17225 kPa.

A

STRENGTH: Brick lining

59
Q

served through a distribution
box or shall be connected in
series by means of a watertight
connection. The outlet shall
have a vented leg fitting extending
____ below the inlet fitting.

A

MULTIPLE SEEPAGE PITS: 304.8 mm

60
Q

a non-watertight lined
excavation in the ground
which receives the discharge
of a sanitary drainage system,
designed to retain the organic
matter but permitting the liquid
to seep through the pit bottom
and sides

61
Q
  • Temporary expedient pending the construction of a public
    sewer, so long as it is established that a public sewer will be
    available in less than ____ and the soil and ground water
    conditions are favorable;
  • As an overflow facility when installed in ____ with an
    existing cesspool;
  • As a means of sewage disposal for limited, minor, or
    temporary uses.
A

TEMPORARY PERMITS: 2 years; conjunction

62
Q

oldest form of disposal of
organic waste. Consists of a vault
constructed of concrete for the collection
of raw sewage and a wooden shelter

A

Outside Privy

63
Q

COMMERCIAL / INDUSTRIAL
SPECIAL LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL
When liquid wastes containing excessive amounts of
grease, garbage, flammable wastes, sand, or other
ingredients which may affect the operation of a private
sewage disposal system, an ____ for such waste shall
be installed.

A

REQUIREMENTS: interceptor

64
Q

COMMERCIAL / INDUSTRIAL
SPECIAL LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL
Waste from interceptors may be discharged to a ____
or other primary system or into a separate disposal system.

A

DISPOSAL: septic tank

65
Q

Location of Sewage Disposal System:
BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool
0.6 m: 1.5 m: 2.4 m : 2.4 m

A

MIN. HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE IN CLEAR
REQUIRED FROM: Buildings or
structures*

66
Q

Location of Sewage Disposal System:
BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool
Clear** ; 1.5 m; 1.5 m; 2.4 m

A

MIN. HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE IN CLEAR
REQUIRED FROM: Property line
Adjoining private
Property

67
Q

Location of Sewage Disposal System:
BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool
15.2 m ; 15.2 m ; 30.5 m ; 45.7 m

A

MIN. HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE IN CLEAR
REQUIRED FROM: Water supply
wells

68
Q

Location of Sewage Disposal System:
BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool
15.2 m ; 15.2 m ;15.2 m ; 30.5 m

A

MIN. HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE IN CLEAR
REQUIRED FROM: Streams

68
Q

Location of Sewage Disposal System:
BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool
- ; 3 m ; - ; 3 m

A

MIN. HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE IN CLEAR
REQUIRED FROM: Trees

69
Q

Location of Sewage Disposal System:
BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool
- ; 1.5 m; 1.2 m; 1.5 m

A

MIN. HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE IN CLEAR
REQUIRED FROM: Disposal field

69
Q

Location of Sewage Disposal System:
BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool
-; 1.5 m; 1.5 m; 3.7 m

A

MIN. HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE IN CLEAR
REQUIRED FROM: Seepage pits or
Cesspools

70
Q

Location of Sewage Disposal System:
BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool
0.3 m; 1.5 m; 1.5 m; 1.5 m

A

MIN. HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE IN CLEAR
REQUIRED FROM: On site domestic
Water service line

71
Q

Some features of Sewage Treatment Plan

A
  • An aeration system within the tank;
  • A submersible mixer to mix the waste;
  • A sludge waste pump that aids in clarifying;
  • A decanter;
  • Blowers;
  • A fully electronic control system, etc.
72
Q

Location of Sewage Disposal System:
BLDG Sewer: Septic Tank: Disposal Field: Seepage pit or Cesspool
3 m ; 3 m ; 3 m ; 3 m

A

MIN. HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE IN CLEAR
REQUIRED FROM: Pressure public
Water main

73
Q

2 Most Common Types of
Municipal Sewage Treatment

A

The Activated Sludge Process
The Trickling Filter Process

74
Q
  • Involves a series of stations where the raw sewage must
    pass through
  • Produces water with 99-99.5% purity
A

The Activated Sludge Process

75
Q

The Activated Sludge Process - gets rid of heavy materials with the use of three different filter houses

A

First Phase

76
Q

The Activated Sludge Process - clarifies the effluent

A

Second Phase

77
Q

The Activated Sludge Process - hardens the sludge and converts it to fertilizers

A

Third Phase

78
Q

Complete Activated sludge process

A
  1. Grit Chamber
  2. Course screen house –> raw sewage inlet
  3. Fine screen house
  4. Incinerator
  5. Activated sludge tank
  6. Aerating basin
  7. Clarifier—> outlet
  8. Power House
  9. Drier house
  10. Liquid extractor house
  11. Chemical house
  12. warehouse
  13. Vacuum power house
79
Q
  • a.k.a ‘Percolating or Sprinkling Filter System’
  • Requires less mechanical elements and less stages
  • Produces water with 95% purity
  • Requires a large ground area for its building
A

The Trickling Filter Process

CE335 (9 decks)

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