TOPIC 3: Pipes and Fittings Flashcards
Pipes & Fittings
- Cast Iron Soil Pipe
- Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe
- Asbestos Pipe
- Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe
- Vitrified Clay Pipe
- Lead Pipe
- Galvanized Steel Pipe
- Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe
- Copper Pipe
- Brass Pipe
- Plastic or Synthetic Pipe
Most popular and generally specified material for drainage
installation. Extensively used in the 60s and 70s
Cast Iron Soil Pipe
Durable, conveniently installed (<25 storey)
Cast Iron Soil Pipe
Commercial length: Cast Iron Soil Pipe
600 cm
Diameters: Cast Iron Soil Pipe
50-150mm
Affected to some extent by corrosion by acid formed by Carbon
Dioxide, Sulphur Oxide, and Methane Gases that create rust
Cast Iron Soil Pipe
2 Types: Cast Iron Soil Pipe
- SV
- XV
Cast Iron Soil Pipe generally used; for building installations
SV type
extra duty; for underground installations
XV type
4 varieties for Cast Iron Soil Pipe
- Standard Pipe
- Single Hub Pipe
- Single Hub Pipe
- Hubless Pipe
- Made of an alloy of cast iron and silicon
- Installed in chemical laboratories, industries and other installations
where acid wastes are being discharged - Brittle and cracks easily, thus
horizontal runs have to be
Supported at every 1.50 meter
interval to prevent sagging
Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe
- Made of an asbestos fibers and portland cement
- Used as soil, waste, ventilation pipe & downspouts
- Suited for concrete embedment because of similar properties
Asbestos Pipe
Cheapest of all types of pipes
Light in weight, slightly flexible and can take slight soil movement
without danger of cracking or pulling out of its joints. It is thus
suited for house sewer and septic tank installations
may be softened/damaged by excessive hot water or
chemical flow
Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe
- Light in weight, slightly flexible and can take slight soil movement
without danger of cracking or pulling out of its joints. It is thus suited for house sewer and septic tank installations - Cheapest of all types of pipes
- May be softened/damaged by excessive hot water or chemical flow
Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe
- Because it is made of clay, it is brittle and cracks easily when laid on unstable ground
- Made in short lengths of 750mm
- One of the oldest materials used for sewer lines
- Highly resistant to most acids
Vitrified Clay Pipe
- The oldest pipe used for plumbing systems
- Highly resistant to acid
- Poisonous and injurious, is therefore not recommended to convey water for human consumption
Lead Pipe
- Made out of mild steel and expected to last 15 to 25 years
- Subject to deposits of salt and lime which can cause FHL
- Comes in several commercial sizes: 10 (3/8”), 13 (1/2”), 20 (3/4”)
25 (1’), 32 (1¼”), 38 (1½”), 50 (2”), 75 (3”), and 100 (4”)
Galvanized Steel Pipe
- Better then steel pipe for plumbing installation
- More resistant to acid waste
Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe
- Durable and extremely corrosive resistant
- Easy to install
- Smooth interior surface
Copper Pipe
Classifications of Copper pipes
- K type
- L type
- M type
heaviest; recommended for underground installations
K type
lighter; available in both rigid and flexible form;
recommended for residential water supply line and radiant
heating installations
L type
thinnest; available only in rigid form; for small
water supply lines and radiant heating installations
M type
- Most expensive
- Made of an alloy or zinc (15%) and copper (85%)
- Resistant to acids and has a smooth interior surface
Brass Pipe
- Developed in Germany in 1935
- Most are produced from synthetic resins
- Superior type of pipe because it weighs less, is easy to cut, is
flexible, has a smooth interior surface, and is cheaper than steel
Plastic or Synthetic Pipe
2 Types of Plastic or Synthetic Pipe
- Rigid type (pipes)
- Flexible type (tubing)
Rigid type (pipes)
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Polypropylene (PP)
Styrene Rubber Plastic (SR)
Flexible type (tubing)
The Polyethylene (PE)- coil form; 30 m long
The Polybutylene (PB)- coil form; 30 m – 150 m long
Considerations in
choosing materials
- Quality and durability.
- Resistance to external and internal
contact with foreign matters. - Resistance to acid waste and
other chemical elements that
will pass into it. - Cost of materials and labor.
Types of Fittings
- COUPLING/SOCKET
- EXTENSION PIECE/ NIPPLE REDUCER
- REDUCING ELBOW
- MALE ADAPTOR
- FEMALE ADAPTOR
- 45° STREET ELBOW
- REDUCING ELBOW
- 90° STREET ELBOW
- TEE
- REDUCING TEE
- CAP
- CROSS
- PLUG
- UNION
- DOUBLE HUB
Other water Service
Fittings & Devices
- CORPORATION STOP
- CURB STOP
- METER STOP
- CURB STOPBOX
- WATERMETER
branch of 90/right angles
TEES
closing end of a pipe or fitting having
female thread; square head; four-sided countersunk
head – (small size); hexagon-head –
(larger sizes); 1/8” – 12”; Ground-joint union
PLUG
(raised square heads) –
plastic/brass; brass-metallic fittings
CLEANOUT PLUGS
connect the male end of a pipe to
a fitting of a larger size; reducing/enlarging
fitting
BUSHINGS
45°/90° - gas, water, steam; 22
½°/60 – special angles; CI drainage fitting
elbows: 5 5/8” 22 ½°60° 11 ¼°45° 90°
ELBOWS
closing the end of a pipe or fitting male
threaded plain and flat band/beaded caps
CAPS
for closing flanged fittings/flange
pipe lines; closet flanges (plastic – ¼” thick);
(brass – 1/8” thick); (for caulking – ¼” thick);
screw/bolts - brass
FLANGE
hose connection with two-gated outlets
WYE
combination of elbows or bends
OFFSET
two offsets in succession
DOUBLE OFFSET
a metallic sleeve, for the purpose
of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe
FERRULE
made up of two 90° bends
with inside threads and outside threads; 180°
bend
RETURN BEND
connects the outlet of a fixture to
a trap
TAILPIECE
tapped to receive a threaded
pipe or fittings
TAPPED TEE
Plumbing Abbreviations:
CI
CL
CO
Cast Iron
Centerline
Cleanout
Plumbing Abbreviations:
CW
COP.
DW
Cold Water
Copper
Dishwasher
Plumbing Abbreviations:
FD
GAL. I
HB
Floor Drain
Galvanized Iron
Hose Bib
Plumbing Abbreviations:
HW
LT
LAV.
Hot Water
Laundry Tray
Lavatory
Plumbing Abbreviations:
MC
PLAS.
PLBG.
Medicine Cabinet
Plastic
Plumbing
Plumbing Abbreviations:
WC
WH
WS
Water Closet
Water Heater
Water Softener
General Methods of Joints and connections
- Caulking (lead and oakum)
- Threading
- Welding / Soldering
- Rubber Ring method (rubber gaskets)
- Hubless connections (steel plates and
clamps and neoprene rubber) - Adhesives
- Flanged connections (screws and bolts)
Perform ____ on joints and connections of pipes & fittings to ensure gastight & watertight connections
Pressure Test
For bell-and-spigot cast iron
soil pipe & other similar joints
Caulked Joints
Steps of Caulking
- Align pipes
- Packing Oakum-
- Wrap an oakum or hemp around the spigot Neck;
- Drive the oakum into the bottom of the hub using a yarning iron;
- compress firmly (make a 20-25mm clearance from top of bell) - Ladle Lead- Seal joint with lead (3mm above bell)
- Packing with Caulking Iron
- For iron pipe size (IPS), pipe and
fittings shall be standard taper pipe
threads - Threads on plastic pipe shall be
factory cut or molded - Lubricate clean-out plugs & caps with
water-soluble, non-hardening material - Tape is acceptable for use on threads
Threaded Joints
TRUE OR FALSE: For iron pipe size (IPS), pipe and
fittings shall be standard taper pipe
threads
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Threads on plastic pipe should not be factory cut or molded
FALSE: Threads on plastic pipe shall be
factory cut or molded
TRUE OR FALSE: Lubricate clean-out plugs & caps with water-soluble, non-hardening material
TRUE
Tape is unacceptable for use on threads
FALSE: Tape is acceptable for use on threads
Prohibited on new building sewers
Cement Mortar Joints
- For joints in copper tubing
- Solders and fluxes with lead content
which exceeds 0.002 are prohibited in
piping systems used to convey
potable water
Solder & Sweat Joints
Steps in Soldering of joints
- Clean pipe with emery cloth (or fine sand paper)
- Apply (non corrosive) flux or soldering paste
- Heat the fitting with a propane torch
- Apply (non corrosive) flux or soldering paste
- Wrap soldered joint with wet rags
Joints in lead pipe or fittings; between
lead pipe or fittings & brass or copper
pipe, ferrules, solder nipples or traps
Joints between lead pipe & cast iron,
steel or wrought iron pipe shall be
made by means of a caulking ferrule
or soldering nipple
Wiped Joints
Shall be a sleeve coupling of the same
composition as the pipe or of other
approved materials, and sealed with
neoprene rubber rings or joined by an
approved type compression coupling
Asbestos
Cement Sewer
Pipe Joints
For soft copper, water tubing shall be
expanded with a proper flaring tool
Flared Joints
Shall be lapped and the assembly
shall be fused together to form a
uniform weld at least as thick as the
lead sheets being joined
Burned Lead Joints
joints shall be made by the use of
approved brass fittings soldered,
or by brass compression type fitting
Copper Water Tube
Shall comply with appropriate IAMPO
installation standard
Solvent Cement
Plastic Pipe
Joints
Steps of Solvent Cement Plastic Pipe Joints
- Measure the face to face distance of the fittings
- Cut with sharp knife/hacksaw/handsaw
- Clean pipe end with Methyl Ethyl Keton (MEK)
or Acetone - Apply solvent cement to the shoulder fitting and
butt-end of pipe - Insert pipe into the fitting
- When bending plastic pipes, pack pipe with sand
then heat using flame torch or hot water, gradually
applying pressure
Joints shall be made by use of brass
adaptor fittings
Joints shall be properly sweated or
soldered
Copper Tubing
To Screw Pipe
Joints
Used in fixture traps (exposed for
maintenance) and drains
Slip Joints
Used in soil & waste stack
joints shall be free & accessible
Expansion
Joints
May be used in drainage work when
accessibly located in the trap seal or
Between a fixture & its trap
Unions
Use only approved types of fittings &
adapters designed for the specific
transition intended
Plastic Pipe
Connection to
Other Materials
TRUE OR FALSE: Fixture connections between drainage pipes & water closets, floor outlet service sinks, pedestal urinals, and earthenware trap standards shall be by means of approved brass, hard lead, ABS, PVC, or iron flanges caulked, soldered, solvent cemented or screwed to the drainage pipe
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Closet beds or stubs must be cut off rectangular
FALSE: Closet beds or stubs must be cut off square
TRUE OR FALSE: Wall-mounted water closet fixtures shall be securely
screwed to an approved carrier fitting; Gasket material shall be graphite-impregnated asbestos,
felt, or similar approved types
FALSE: Wall-mounted water closet fixtures shall be securely
bolted to an approved carrier fitting;
Gasket material shall be graphite-impregnated asbestos,
felt, or similar approved types
TRUE OR FALSE: any fitting or connection
which has an enlargement, chamber or recess with a ledge, shoulder or reduction of pipe area, that offers any obstructions to flow through the drain
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: An enlargement of 70 mm to 100 mm closet bend
or stub shall be considered an obstruction
FALSE: An enlargement of 76 mm to 102 mm closet bend or stub shall be considered an obstruction
is conducted by
closing all outlets & filling the system with water
from the main to locate leaks and other potential
problems
Water Testing, Testing of water supply piping
Used in detecting leaks by filling the piping
system with compressed air (use of soap suds
in locating escaping air)
Air Pressure Testing
