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A. CE335 > TOPIC 3: Pipes and Fittings > Flashcards

TOPIC 3: Pipes and Fittings Flashcards

1
Q

Pipes & Fittings

A
  • Cast Iron Soil Pipe
  • Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe
  • Asbestos Pipe
  • Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe
  • Vitrified Clay Pipe
  • Lead Pipe
  • Galvanized Steel Pipe
  • Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe
  • Copper Pipe
  • Brass Pipe
  • Plastic or Synthetic Pipe
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2
Q

Most popular and generally specified material for drainage
installation. Extensively used in the 60s and 70s

A

Cast Iron Soil Pipe

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3
Q

Durable, conveniently installed (<25 storey)

A

Cast Iron Soil Pipe

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4
Q

Commercial length: Cast Iron Soil Pipe

A

600 cm

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5
Q

Diameters: Cast Iron Soil Pipe

A

50-150mm

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6
Q

Affected to some extent by corrosion by acid formed by Carbon
Dioxide, Sulphur Oxide, and Methane Gases that create rust

A

Cast Iron Soil Pipe

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7
Q

2 Types: Cast Iron Soil Pipe

A
  • SV
  • XV
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8
Q

Cast Iron Soil Pipe generally used; for building installations

A

SV type

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9
Q

extra duty; for underground installations

A

XV type

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10
Q

4 varieties for Cast Iron Soil Pipe

A
  • Standard Pipe
  • Single Hub Pipe
  • Single Hub Pipe
  • Hubless Pipe
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11
Q
  • Made of an alloy of cast iron and silicon
  • Installed in chemical laboratories, industries and other installations
    where acid wastes are being discharged
  • Brittle and cracks easily, thus
    horizontal runs have to be
    Supported at every 1.50 meter
    interval to prevent sagging
A

Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe

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12
Q
  • Made of an asbestos fibers and portland cement
  • Used as soil, waste, ventilation pipe & downspouts
  • Suited for concrete embedment because of similar properties
A

Asbestos Pipe

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13
Q

Cheapest of all types of pipes
Light in weight, slightly flexible and can take slight soil movement
without danger of cracking or pulling out of its joints. It is thus
suited for house sewer and septic tank installations
may be softened/damaged by excessive hot water or
chemical flow

A

Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe

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14
Q
  • Light in weight, slightly flexible and can take slight soil movement
    without danger of cracking or pulling out of its joints. It is thus suited for house sewer and septic tank installations
  • Cheapest of all types of pipes
  • May be softened/damaged by excessive hot water or chemical flow
A

Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe

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15
Q
  • Because it is made of clay, it is brittle and cracks easily when laid on unstable ground
  • Made in short lengths of 750mm
  • One of the oldest materials used for sewer lines
  • Highly resistant to most acids
A

Vitrified Clay Pipe

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16
Q
  • The oldest pipe used for plumbing systems
  • Highly resistant to acid
  • Poisonous and injurious, is therefore not recommended to convey water for human consumption
A

Lead Pipe

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17
Q
  • Made out of mild steel and expected to last 15 to 25 years
  • Subject to deposits of salt and lime which can cause FHL
  • Comes in several commercial sizes: 10 (3/8”), 13 (1/2”), 20 (3/4”)
    25 (1’), 32 (1¼”), 38 (1½”), 50 (2”), 75 (3”), and 100 (4”)
A

Galvanized Steel Pipe

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18
Q
  • Better then steel pipe for plumbing installation
  • More resistant to acid waste
A

Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe

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19
Q
  • Durable and extremely corrosive resistant
  • Easy to install
  • Smooth interior surface
A

Copper Pipe

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20
Q

Classifications of Copper pipes

A
  • K type
  • L type
  • M type
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21
Q

heaviest; recommended for underground installations

A

K type

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22
Q

lighter; available in both rigid and flexible form;
recommended for residential water supply line and radiant
heating installations

A

L type

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23
Q

thinnest; available only in rigid form; for small
water supply lines and radiant heating installations

A

M type

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24
Q
  • Most expensive
  • Made of an alloy or zinc (15%) and copper (85%)
  • Resistant to acids and has a smooth interior surface
A

Brass Pipe

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25
Q
  • Developed in Germany in 1935
  • Most are produced from synthetic resins
  • Superior type of pipe because it weighs less, is easy to cut, is
    flexible, has a smooth interior surface, and is cheaper than steel
A

Plastic or Synthetic Pipe

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26
Q

2 Types of Plastic or Synthetic Pipe

A
  • Rigid type (pipes)
  • Flexible type (tubing)
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27
Q

Rigid type (pipes)

A

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Polypropylene (PP)
Styrene Rubber Plastic (SR)

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28
Q

Flexible type (tubing)

A

The Polyethylene (PE)- coil form; 30 m long
The Polybutylene (PB)- coil form; 30 m – 150 m long

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29
Q

Considerations in
choosing materials

A
  • Quality and durability.
  • Resistance to external and internal
    contact with foreign matters.
  • Resistance to acid waste and
    other chemical elements that
    will pass into it.
  • Cost of materials and labor.
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30
Q

Types of Fittings

A
  • COUPLING/SOCKET
  • EXTENSION PIECE/ NIPPLE REDUCER
  • REDUCING ELBOW
  • MALE ADAPTOR
  • FEMALE ADAPTOR
  • 45° STREET ELBOW
  • REDUCING ELBOW
  • 90° STREET ELBOW
  • TEE
  • REDUCING TEE
  • CAP
  • CROSS
  • PLUG
  • UNION
  • DOUBLE HUB
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31
Q

Other water Service
Fittings & Devices

A
  • CORPORATION STOP
  • CURB STOP
  • METER STOP
  • CURB STOPBOX
  • WATERMETER
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32
Q

branch of 90/right angles

A

TEES

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33
Q

closing end of a pipe or fitting having
female thread; square head; four-sided countersunk
head – (small size); hexagon-head –
(larger sizes); 1/8” – 12”; Ground-joint union

A

PLUG

34
Q

(raised square heads) –
plastic/brass; brass-metallic fittings

A

CLEANOUT PLUGS

35
Q

connect the male end of a pipe to
a fitting of a larger size; reducing/enlarging
fitting

A

BUSHINGS

36
Q

45°/90° - gas, water, steam; 22
½°/60 – special angles; CI drainage fitting
elbows: 5 5/8” 22 ½°60° 11 ¼°45° 90°

A

ELBOWS

37
Q

closing the end of a pipe or fitting male
threaded plain and flat band/beaded caps

A

CAPS

38
Q

for closing flanged fittings/flange
pipe lines; closet flanges (plastic – ¼” thick);
(brass – 1/8” thick); (for caulking – ¼” thick);
screw/bolts - brass

A

FLANGE

39
Q

hose connection with two-gated outlets

A

WYE

40
Q

combination of elbows or bends

A

OFFSET

41
Q

two offsets in succession

A

DOUBLE OFFSET

42
Q

a metallic sleeve, for the purpose
of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe

A

FERRULE

43
Q

made up of two 90° bends
with inside threads and outside threads; 180°
bend

A

RETURN BEND

44
Q

connects the outlet of a fixture to
a trap

A

TAILPIECE

45
Q

tapped to receive a threaded
pipe or fittings

A

TAPPED TEE

46
Q

Plumbing Abbreviations:
CI
CL
CO

A

Cast Iron
Centerline
Cleanout

47
Q

Plumbing Abbreviations:
CW
COP.
DW

A

Cold Water
Copper
Dishwasher

48
Q

Plumbing Abbreviations:
FD
GAL. I
HB

A

Floor Drain
Galvanized Iron
Hose Bib

49
Q

Plumbing Abbreviations:
HW
LT
LAV.

A

Hot Water
Laundry Tray
Lavatory

50
Q

Plumbing Abbreviations:
MC
PLAS.
PLBG.

A

Medicine Cabinet
Plastic
Plumbing

51
Q

Plumbing Abbreviations:
WC
WH
WS

A

Water Closet
Water Heater
Water Softener

52
Q

General Methods of Joints and connections

A
  • Caulking (lead and oakum)
  • Threading
  • Welding / Soldering
  • Rubber Ring method (rubber gaskets)
  • Hubless connections (steel plates and
    clamps and neoprene rubber)
  • Adhesives
  • Flanged connections (screws and bolts)
53
Q

Perform ____ on joints and connections of pipes & fittings to ensure gastight & watertight connections

A

Pressure Test

54
Q

For bell-and-spigot cast iron
soil pipe & other similar joints

A

Caulked Joints

55
Q

Steps of Caulking

A
  1. Align pipes
  2. Packing Oakum-
    - Wrap an oakum or hemp around the spigot Neck;
    - Drive the oakum into the bottom of the hub using a yarning iron;
    - compress firmly (make a 20-25mm clearance from top of bell)
  3. Ladle Lead- Seal joint with lead (3mm above bell)
  4. Packing with Caulking Iron
56
Q
  • For iron pipe size (IPS), pipe and
    fittings shall be standard taper pipe
    threads
  • Threads on plastic pipe shall be
    factory cut or molded
  • Lubricate clean-out plugs & caps with
    water-soluble, non-hardening material
  • Tape is acceptable for use on threads
A

Threaded Joints

57
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: For iron pipe size (IPS), pipe and
fittings shall be standard taper pipe
threads

A

TRUE

58
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Threads on plastic pipe should not be factory cut or molded

A

FALSE: Threads on plastic pipe shall be
factory cut or molded

59
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Lubricate clean-out plugs & caps with water-soluble, non-hardening material

A

TRUE

60
Q

Tape is unacceptable for use on threads

A

FALSE: Tape is acceptable for use on threads

61
Q

Prohibited on new building sewers

A

Cement Mortar Joints

62
Q
  • For joints in copper tubing
  • Solders and fluxes with lead content
    which exceeds 0.002 are prohibited in
    piping systems used to convey
    potable water
A

Solder & Sweat Joints

63
Q

Steps in Soldering of joints

A
  1. Clean pipe with emery cloth (or fine sand paper)
  2. Apply (non corrosive) flux or soldering paste
  3. Heat the fitting with a propane torch
  4. Apply (non corrosive) flux or soldering paste
  5. Wrap soldered joint with wet rags
64
Q

Joints in lead pipe or fittings; between
lead pipe or fittings & brass or copper
pipe, ferrules, solder nipples or traps
Joints between lead pipe & cast iron,
steel or wrought iron pipe shall be
made by means of a caulking ferrule
or soldering nipple

A

Wiped Joints

65
Q

Shall be a sleeve coupling of the same
composition as the pipe or of other
approved materials, and sealed with
neoprene rubber rings or joined by an
approved type compression coupling

A

Asbestos
Cement Sewer
Pipe Joints

66
Q

For soft copper, water tubing shall be
expanded with a proper flaring tool

A

Flared Joints

67
Q

Shall be lapped and the assembly
shall be fused together to form a
uniform weld at least as thick as the
lead sheets being joined

A

Burned Lead Joints

68
Q

joints shall be made by the use of
approved brass fittings soldered,
or by brass compression type fitting

A

Copper Water Tube

69
Q

Shall comply with appropriate IAMPO
installation standard

A

Solvent Cement
Plastic Pipe
Joints

70
Q

Steps of Solvent Cement Plastic Pipe Joints

A
  1. Measure the face to face distance of the fittings
  2. Cut with sharp knife/hacksaw/handsaw
  3. Clean pipe end with Methyl Ethyl Keton (MEK)
    or Acetone
  4. Apply solvent cement to the shoulder fitting and
    butt-end of pipe
  5. Insert pipe into the fitting
  6. When bending plastic pipes, pack pipe with sand
    then heat using flame torch or hot water, gradually
    applying pressure
71
Q

Joints shall be made by use of brass
adaptor fittings
Joints shall be properly sweated or
soldered

A

Copper Tubing
To Screw Pipe
Joints

72
Q

Used in fixture traps (exposed for
maintenance) and drains

A

Slip Joints

73
Q

Used in soil & waste stack
joints shall be free & accessible

A

Expansion
Joints

74
Q

May be used in drainage work when
accessibly located in the trap seal or
Between a fixture & its trap

A

Unions

75
Q

Use only approved types of fittings &
adapters designed for the specific
transition intended

A

Plastic Pipe
Connection to
Other Materials

76
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Fixture connections between drainage pipes & water closets, floor outlet service sinks, pedestal urinals, and earthenware trap standards shall be by means of approved brass, hard lead, ABS, PVC, or iron flanges caulked, soldered, solvent cemented or screwed to the drainage pipe

A

TRUE

77
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Closet beds or stubs must be cut off rectangular

A

FALSE: Closet beds or stubs must be cut off square

78
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Wall-mounted water closet fixtures shall be securely
screwed to an approved carrier fitting; Gasket material shall be graphite-impregnated asbestos,
felt, or similar approved types

A

FALSE: Wall-mounted water closet fixtures shall be securely
bolted to an approved carrier fitting;
Gasket material shall be graphite-impregnated asbestos,
felt, or similar approved types

79
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: any fitting or connection
which has an enlargement, chamber or recess with a ledge, shoulder or reduction of pipe area, that offers any obstructions to flow through the drain

A

TRUE

80
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: An enlargement of 70 mm to 100 mm closet bend
or stub shall be considered an obstruction

A

FALSE: An enlargement of 76 mm to 102 mm closet bend or stub shall be considered an obstruction

81
Q

is conducted by
closing all outlets & filling the system with water
from the main to locate leaks and other potential
problems

A

Water Testing, Testing of water supply piping

82
Q

Used in detecting leaks by filling the piping
system with compressed air (use of soap suds
in locating escaping air)

A

Air Pressure Testing

A. CE335 (9 decks)

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