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Chemistry > Topic 7 (Organic Chemistry) > Flashcards

Topic 7 (Organic Chemistry) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

Any compound formed from carbon and hydrogen only

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2
Q

What is the general formula for an alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

What are the first four alkanes

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

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4
Q

What happens as a hydrocarbon chain gets longer

A

As hydrocarbons get longer they
•become more viscous
•have higher boiling points
•become less flammable

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5
Q

What is complete combustion

A

Complete combustion occurs when there is plenty of oxygen
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen->
Carbon Dioxide + Water

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6
Q

What is crude oil

A

Crude oil is a fossil fuel made from the remains of plants that died millions of years ago

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7
Q

How if fractional distillation used to separate hydrocarbons

A

•The oil is heated until it is mostly gas, the gases enter the fractionating column
•The fractionating column is hottest at the bottom and coolest at the top
•The longer chain hydrocarbons have the highest BP so they condense back into liquids lower down the column whilst the shorter chain hydro carbons rise
•This means you end up with different crude oils in separate column at the end of the process shortest chains at the top longest chains at the bottom

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8
Q

What is cracking

A

Cracking is the process of splitting up long chain hydrocarbons into smaller ones

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9
Q

What are the two types of cracking

A

Steam Cracking
Catalytic Cracking

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10
Q

When cracking a long chain hydrocarbon what are the products

A

Smaller chain hydrocarbon and an alkene

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11
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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12
Q

Why are there less hydrogens in an alkene than in an alkane

A

In an alkene there is a double carbon bond and as carbon can only have 4 bonds this takes away 2 hydrogens

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13
Q

When alkenes burn what are you likely to see

A

Yellow Smoky Flame

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14
Q

What is incomplete combustion

A

Alkene + Oxygen ->
Carbon+Carbon Dioxide+Carbon Monoxide+Water

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15
Q

How do alkenes react

A

Addition reactions, when something reacts with an alkene the carbon double bond opens up and a new atom is added to each carbon

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16
Q

What happens when alkenes react with bromine

A

Alkenes turn bromine water colourless

17
Q

What happens when steam reacts with alkenes

A

They form alcohols

18
Q

What are polymers

A

Long molecules formed when lots of small molecules called monomers join together

19
Q

What are addition polymers

A

•The monomers that make up addition polymers have a double covalent bond
•Lots of unsaturated monomer molecules (alkenes) can open up their double bonds and join together to form polymer chains
•When monomers react in addition polymerisation, the only product is the polymer so an addition polymer contains exactly the same type and number of atoms as the monomers that formed it

20
Q

What is the formula for alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

21
Q

What are the first 4 alcohols

A

Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol

22
Q

What are the first 4 alkenes

A

Ethene
Propene
Butene
Pentene

23
Q

How is ethanol made

A

Fermentation
Sugar->Ethanol+Carbon Dioxide

24
Q

What is the functional group for a carboxylic acid

A

-COOH
e.g CH3COOH
HCOOH

25
Q

What is an ester

A

An ester is made from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid ->
Ester + Water

26
Q

What are condensation polymers

A

•Condensation polymers involves monomers which contain different functional groups
•The monomers react together and bonds form between them making polymer chains
•For each new bond that forms, a small molecule (e.g water) is lost that’s why it is called condensation polymerisation
•The simplest condensation polymers are made from only two different functional groups

27
Q

What are amino acids

A

Amino acids contain two different functional groups
A basic amino group(NH2)
An acidic carboxylic group(COOH)

28
Q

What are proteins

A

Polymers of amino acids

29
Q

What is DNA

A

Molecules made from nucleotide polymers

Chemistry (10 decks)

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