Topic 7 - Cerebellum

Question 1

What does the cerebellum do with sensory inputs?

Answer 1

Evaluate, influence, and modify behaviour

Question 2

A cerebellar lesion would result in?

Answer 2

decomposition of movement that is purposeful or production.

NOT paralysis

Question 3

Cerebellum roles/functions

Answer 3

Maintain posture and balance
Coordination of voluntary movements
Motor learning - adapting/fine tuning motor programs
Cognition

Question 4

Cerebellum feed forward

Answer 4

Able to make predictions from planned movements about what other motor commands may be needed

Question 5

Cerebellum feedback

Answer 5

Adjusts motor commands for output based on what is actually happening

Question 6

Cerebellum blood supply

Answer 6

Posterior Inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
Anterior Inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
Superior cerebellar artery

Question 7

Lobes of Cerebellum

Answer 7

Flocculonodular lobe (Vestibulocerebellum)
Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe

Question 8

Vestibulocerebellum

Answer 8

Equilibrium/ balance/ eye movements

Connects to vestibular system

Question 9

Spinocerebellum

Answer 9

Propulsive movements

Question 10

Cerebrocerebellum

Answer 10

Fine movements

Question 11

Cerebellar homonculus

Answer 11

Somatotopically arranged
Trunk in midline
Limbs laterally

Question 12

Gross anatomy of Cerebellum

Answer 12

Cerebellar cortex - grey matter
Cerebellar deep white matter - deep cerebellar nuclei
Deep cerebellar nuclei - sole output structure

Question 13

Layers of Cerebellar cortex

Answer 13

1) Molecular Layer - few neurons
2) Purkinje Cells - single row of huge cells, unique to Cerebellum
3) Granular Layer - numerous densely packed neurons

Question 14

Cerebellar cortex input fibres

Answer 14

1) Mossy fibres - arise from variety of areas

2) Climbing fibres - originate exclusively in inferior olive

Question 15

Cerebellar cortex output fibres

Answer 15

Purkinje cell - sole source of output, inhibitory connections to cerebellar nuclei (sole output of entire cerebellum)

Question 16

Cerebellum connection to CNS

Answer 16

Superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles

Question 17

Cerebellum effect

Answer 17

Indirect, ipsilaterally

Question 18

Ataxia

Answer 18

incoordination of movements without overt muscle weakness

Question 19

Intention (action) tremor

Answer 19

involuntary tremor as patient approaches closer to intended target

Question 20

Dyssynergia

Answer 20

Impairment of multi-joint movements

Question 21

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 21

difficulty with rapidly alternating movements

Question 22

Dysmetria

Answer 22

impaired ability to properly scale movement

Question 23

Nystagmus

Answer 23

rapid involuntary eye movements

Question 24

Dysarthria

Answer 24

poorly articulated/ coordinated speech

Question 25

Causes of Cerebellar dysfuntion

Answer 25

Stroke
Tumour
Degenerative diseases
Trauma (TBI)
Structural/ Malformation
Hereditary
Toxicity
Infection/endocrine/immune mediated