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Neuroscience for Physiotherapy > Topic 3 - Motor Control, Somatosensation and Motor System > Flashcards

Topic 3 - Motor Control, Somatosensation and Motor System Flashcards

1
Q

Spinothalamic modalities

A

Course touch, pain, temperature

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2
Q

DCML modalities

A

Fine touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception

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3
Q

Spinothalamic Pathway

A

1st: Enter dorsal horn of spinal cord
2nd: Decussate early in spinal cord before ascending in L spinothalamic tract & anterolateral pathway to VPL in thalamus
3rd: Travel to SI and SII of cerebral cortex

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4
Q

DCML Pathway

A

1st: Enter dorsal horn and ascend spinal cord
2nd: Decussate in brain stem and travel as medial lemniscus to VPL in thalamus
3rd: Travel to SI and SII of cerebral cortex

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5
Q

Lateral Corticospinal info carried

A

Precise movement of distal limb muscles

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6
Q

Anterior Corticospinal info carried

A

Less precise movement of proximal limb muscles and truck

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7
Q

Corticospinal UMN

A

From primary motor cortex to anterior horn of Spinal Cord

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8
Q

Corticospinal LMN

A

Anterior horn of spinal cord to skeletal muscles

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9
Q

Motor Control - Brainstem

A

Nuclei involved in postural control and locomotion

Contains ascending and descending pathways

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10
Q

Motor Control - Cerebellum

A

Receives inputs from spinal cord and cerebral cortex

coordination of motor function

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11
Q

Motor Control - Diencephalon

A

Contains thalamus and hypothalamus

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12
Q

Motor Control - Spinal Cord

A

Lowest level of perception/action hierarchy
initial reception and processing of somatosensory info
Reflexes
Voluntary control of posture

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13
Q

Motor Control - Basal ganglia

A

Higher order motor control/planning

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14
Q

Motor Control - Cerebral cortex

A

Highest level of motor control hierarchy

Identify and choose course of action, programming of movements

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15
Q

Sensory modalities

A

Cutaneous mechanoreceptors - touch
Thermal receptors
Nociceptors
Musculoskeletal mechanoreceptors - proprioception, muscle length, joint angle ect

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16
Q

Tactile Sensibility

A

Sensory receptors adapt to stimulus, coded depending on location, intensity and time.

17
Q

Thermoreception

A

Sense of cold and warmth
more cold than warm spots
Face most richly innervated

18
Q

Proprioception

A

Located in joints, muscles, tendons, skin, fascia and inner ear
Sense of posture, movement and force

19
Q

Somatotopical organisation - Brain

A

Motor Homunculus

20
Q

Somatotopical organisation - Brainstem

A

Corticobulbar fibres - medial to CST
Corticospinal tract (CST) axons to legs - lateral
CST axons to arms - medial
CST axons to trunk - inbetween

21
Q

Somatotopical organisation - Spinal cord

A

Lateral Cortiospinal tract - legs lateral and arms medial

Anterior CST - trunk and proximal muscles

22
Q

Hierarchical control of movement - Reflexes

A

Simplest movement pattern
Can be monosynaptic (eg stretch) or polysynaptic (eg withdrawal)
Involuntary stereotyped response

23
Q

Hierarchical control of movement - Stereotypic repetitious movement

A

Walking, running, breathing
Subject to voluntary control
Triggered by central pattern generators

24
Q

Hierarchical control of movement - Specific goal orientated movement

A

Voluntary and quite complex
Initiated at cerebral cortex level
Motor planning areas activated in BG and cerebellum
UMN deliver signals to spinal interneurons and LMN
LMN transmit directly to skeletal muscles
Regulated by sensory feedback

25
Q

Tone

A

Muscle resistance to stretch

26
Q

Hypotonia

A

lower than normal tone

27
Q

Hypertonia

A

higher than normal tone

28
Q

Spasticity

A

resistance dependent on velocity of movement

29
Q

Rigidity

A

resistance remains constant regardless of velocity

30
Q

Flaccidity

A

absence of tone

31
Q

Paralysis

A

complete loss of voluntary contraction

32
Q

Paresis

A

partial loss of voluntary contraction (weakness)

33
Q

UMN Lesion

A 
Paralysis or paresis
Disuse atrophy
Hyperreflexia/abnormal reflexes
Babinski's reflex
Hypertonia
No fasciculations/fibrillations
34
Q

LMN Lesion

A 
Paralysis or paresis
May be marked atrophy
Hyporeflexia/areflexia
No Babinski's reflex
Hypotonia/flacidity
May have fasciculations/fibrillations
35
Q

Pyramidal system motor control

A

lateral CST and corticobulbar tract - gross movement

36
Q

Extrapyramidal system motor control

A

Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum

Quality and fine tuning of movement

Neuroscience for Physiotherapy (9 decks)

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