Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Topic 7 - Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis > Flashcards

Topic 7 - Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers sent in the blood, carried to parts of the body, but only affects particular cells in particular organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do hormones control?

A

Things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are hormones produced?

A

They arev produced in (and secreted by) various glands called endocrine glands, which make up your endocrine system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Pituitary gland

A

Found in the brain, produces many hormones that regulate body conditions. Sometimes called the “master gland” because the hormones act on other glands, directing them to release hormones that bring about change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Found in the neck, this produced thyroxine, which is involved in regulating thing like the* Rate of Metabolism, Heart rate and temperature*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ovaries

A

Produces oestrogren, which is involved in the menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Produces adrenaline, used to prepare the “fight or flight”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Testes

A

produces testosterone, which controls puberty and sperm production in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The pancreas

A

produces insulin, which is used to regulate blood glucose level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Comparison of Neurones and Hormones

A

Neurones: ———————- Hormones:
Very Fast action——————-Slower action
Act for a very short time ——–Act for a long time
Act on a very precise area.——Act in a more general way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Will a quick response be Nervous or Hormonal?

A

Nervous
Some information needs to passed to effectors really quickly e.g. Pain or reflex. So Hormones would be too slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Will a slow response be Nervous or Hormonal?

A

Hormonal
For example, a flight or fight response leaves you feeling a bit wobbly afterwards as the hormones leave a longer effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adrenaline

A
  • Release by the Adrenal Glands
  • Prepares the body for “fight or flight” by activating processes that increase the supply of oxygen and glucose to cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does Adrenaline increase Heart rate and blood pressure?

A
  • Binds to specific receptors in the heart - causing the heart muscle to contract more frequently and with more force - Heart rate and blood pressure increase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does Adrenaline increase Respiration?

A

Once it increases blood flow to the muscles through binding receptors in the heart, The cells receive more oxygen ang glucose for increased respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does Adrenaline increase Blood glucose level?

A

It binds to receptors in the liver. This causes the liver to break down its glycogen stores to release glucose. This increases blood glucose level, so there’s more glucose in the blood to be transported to cells

17
Q

What can hormone release be affected by?

A

Negative feedback
When the body detects that the level of a substance has gone above or below the normal level, it triggers a response to bring the level back to normal again.

18
Q

Thyroxine

A
  • Released by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolic rate
  • Negative feedback system keeps it at the right level
19
Q

Definition for metabolic rate

A

Speed at which chemical reactions in the body occur

20
Q

Negative feedback systme for thyroxine

A
  1. When blood thyroxine level is lower than normal, The hypothalamus is stimulated to release TRH.
  2. TRH then stimulates the pituitary gland to release TSH.
  3. TSH then stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine so the blood thyroxine level rises back to normal
21
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A structure in the brain that triggers the release of horones in pituitary gland.

22
Q

What does TRH stand for?

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

23
Q

What does TSH stand for?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

24
Q

What is the menstrual cycle?

A

The monthly sequence of events in which the female body releases an egg and prepares the uterus (Womb) incase the egg is feritlised

25
Q

Stage 1 of the Menstrual cycle

A

Menstruation starts
The lining of the uterus breaks down and is released

26
Q

Stage 2 of the Menstrual cycle

A

The uterus lining is repaired
From day 4 to day 14, untill it becomes a thick, spongy layer full of blood vessels ready for an egg to implant there

27
Q

Stage 3 of the Menstrual cycle

A

An egg develops and is released
from the ovary (Ovulation) at day 14

28
Q

Stage 4 of the Menstrual cycle

A

The lining is then maintained for about 14 days, untill day 28. If no fertilised egg has landed on the uterus wall by day 28, the cycle starts again

29
Q

What are the 4 hormones that control the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH, Oestrogen, LH, Progesterone

30
Q

FSH role in the menstrual cycle

A

Follicle stimulating hormone
1. Released by the pituitary gland
2. Causes a follicle ( an egg and its surrounding cells ) to mature in one of the ovaries
3. Stimulates Oestrogen production

31
Q

Oestrogen role in the menstrual cycle

A
  1. Released by the ovaries
  2. causes lining of the uterus to thicken and grow
  3. A high level stimulates an LH surge
32
Q

LH role in the menstrual cycle

A

Lutienising hormone
1. released by the pituitary gland
2. LH surge stimulates ovulation at day 14
3. Stimulates the remains of a follicle to develop into a corpus luteum - which secretes progesterone

33
Q

Progesterone role in the menstrual cycle

A
  1. Released by corupus luteum after ovulation
  2. Maintains lining of uterus
  3. Inhibits the release of FSH and LH
  4. When the level of prog falls, and there is a low Oestrogen level, the uterene lining breaks down
  5. A low progesterone allows FSH to increase, so the cycle starts again
34
Q

Clomifene Therapy for

A
  • For women who are infertile because they dont ovulate ( or regulary )
  • They can take a drug called Clomifene
35
Q

who is Clomifene Therapy method

A

Clomifene causes more FSH and LH to be released by the body, which stimulate egg maturation and ovulation. By knowing when the woman will be ovulating, the couple can have intercourse during this period to get the woman pregnant

36
Q

IVF

A
  • Collecting eggs form a woman’s ovaries and fertilising them in a lab using the man’s sperm, these are then grown into embryos
  • Once the embryos are tiny balls of cells, one or two of them are transferred to the woman’s uterus lining to improve the change o pregnancy
  • FSH and LH are given before egg collection to stimulate the production of eggs.
37
Q

What is IVF an example of?

A

ART - Assisted Reproductive technology
A fertility treatment that involves eggs being handled (and usually fertilised) outside of the body

38
Q
A

Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions