Topic 7 - animal Coordidination, Control And Homeostasis

Question 1

What are the 4 key hormones that are involved in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 1

FSH, LH, progesterone, oestrogen

Question 2

What does FSH do?

Answer 2

follicle stimulation hormone causes a follicle to mature in the ovary

Question 3

What does LH do?

Answer 3

Luteinising hormone causes an egg to be released (ovulation)

Question 4

What does oestrogen and progesterone do?

Answer 4

maintaining the uterus lining in case an egg is implanted

Question 5

What is the first stage (day 1) of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 5

The lining of the uterus is broken down and released through the vagina with blood

Question 6

What is the second stage (day 4) of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 6

The lining of the uterus starts building up again until day 14 so it can supply nutrients

Question 7

What is the third stage (day 14) of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 7

An egg is released from the ovary (ovulation) and this is the most fertile stage

Question 8

What is the uterus lining called?

Answer 8

The endometrium

Question 9

Why does the uterus lining thicken?

Answer 9

It needs to provide nutrients and support for the fertilised egg

Question 10

Why is the follicle important?

Answer 10

It contains the egg until it matures

Question 11

Where is FSH and LH secreted from?

Answer 11

The pituitary gland

Question 12

Where is oestrogen secreted from?

Answer 12

The ovaries

Question 13

Where is progesterone secreted from?

Answer 13

The corpus luteum

Question 14

What happens at the peak of LH and what does it form?

Answer 14

Ovulation and results in the form of the corpus luteum

Question 15

What does progesterone inhibit?

Answer 15

FSH and LH production

Question 16

What does oestrogen inhibit?

Answer 16

FSH and LH production in the pituitary gland

Question 17

What happens if fertilisation doesn’t happen (in terms of hormones)?

Answer 17

Progesterone levels drop and menstruation occurs

Question 18

What does oestrogen stimulate?

Answer 18

The uterus to develop a lining called the endometrium

Question 19

What does FSH stimulate?

Answer 19

Egg maturation in the follicles of the ovary

Question 20

What is clomifene therapy?

Answer 20

Causes more FSH and LH to be released by the body to stimulate ovulation to improve chances of becoming pregnant

Question 21

What is IVF?

Answer 21

Assisted reproductive therapy, IVF stands for in vitro fertilisation

Question 22

Briefly describe the 5 stages of IVF

Answer 22

-inject woman with LH
-harvest eggs using syringe and put on Petri dish
-incubate eggs at 37 degrees
-ensure all cells have multiplied and have become embryos
-implant healthiest embryo in the uterus
-give birth to a baby

Question 23

Why might some women be infertile?

Answer 23

Oviducts might be blocked, woman may not produce eggs

Question 24

What is the target organ of clomifene?

Answer 24

The pituitary gland

Question 25

Why are 2-3 embryos usually transferred to a woman’s uterus?

Answer 25

Some may not implant so you want the healthiest one possible to increase the chances of getting pregnant

Question 26

Explain how sweating keeps to cool the body (2)

Answer 26

-sweat/water is released onto the skin -this is evaporated -this transfers thermal energy

Question 27

Explain the role of vasodilation in thermoregulation (4)

Answer 27

-vasodilation acts to cool the body down -more blood flows near the surface of the skin -less blood flows thorough the shunt valve -causing increased thermal energy loss

Question 28

If an animal does not have sweat glands, one way it can keep cool is by opening its mouth and panting. Explain how this behaviour helps to cool the animal down. (2)

Answer 28

-panting causes water loss -causing evaporation which removes latent heat so the temp reduces

Question 29

If an animal does not have sweat glands, one way it can keep cool is by opening its mouth and panting. Explain how this behaviour helps to cool the animal down. (2)

Answer 29

-panting causes water loss -causing evaporation which removes latent heat so the temp reduces

Question 30

a sample of urine is tested after a patient had symptoms including difficulty passing urine and constant thirst. In the urine that was tested what is a key indicator of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 30

excess glucose in the urine

Question 31

a sample of urine is tested after a patient had symptoms including difficulty passing urine and constant thirst. In the urine that was tested what is a key indicator of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 31

excess glucose in the urine

Question 32

Describe the route taken by the urine from the kidney until it leaves the body (3)

Answer 32

-travels from kidneys through the ureters -to the bladder where it is stored -from bladder through the urethra and out of body

Question 33

Urine contains urea. State how urea is formed in the human body (2)

Answer 33

-breakdown of amino acids -in the liver

Question 34

A woman take a clomifene tablet each day for the first 5 days of her menstrual cycle. Describe the changes that would happen inside the ovaries during the first 5 days of this treatment. Clomifene therapy stimulates the production of FSH(2)

Answer 34

-eggs will start to mature -inside the follicles -oestrogen is released

Question 35

During clomifene therapy the woman has a blood test on day 20 of the menstrual cycle. The blood test shows a high level of progesterone. Explain the cause of this high level of progesterone on day 20 of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 35

-day 20 is after ovulation so after the egg has been released -so the corpus lutem produces progesterone -to maintain the lining on the uterus