Topic 7

Question 1

Functions of nutrient

Answer 1

Provide energy - this is mainly the role of carbs and fats
Allow growth and repair - of body cells and tissue
To regulate the body’s metabolism

Question 2

Balanced diet

Answer 2

Enough energy
Essential amino acids from proteins
Essential fatty acids from fats
Micronutrients
Water
Fiber
Correct portions

Question 3

Vitamin c - where is it found,the use and the disease

Answer 3

Found - oranges,lemon,other citrus fruits
Use in body - tissue repair,resistance to disease
Disease - scurvy

Question 4

Vitamin D - where is it found,the use and the disease

Answer 4

Where - oily fish,milk,butter
Uses - strengthen bones and teeth
Disease - soft bones,legs bow outwards

Question 5

Iron - where is it found,the use and the disease

Answer 5

Where - liver,meat,eggs
Use - forming haemoglobin in red blood cells for transport of oxygen
Disease - tiredness, lack of energy

Question 6

Calcium - where is it found,the use and the disease

Answer 6

Where - milk,fish,green vegetables
Use - strengthens bones and teeth
Disease - tickets and muscle weakness and cramps

Question 7

Vitamin characteristics

Answer 7

• essential in small quantities to ensure a healthy body
• able to work with enzymes to control the chemical reaction of the body
• they can’t be digested or broken down by enzymes
• they can’t be used to build up body structures

Question 8

Iron - where is it found,the use and the disease

Answer 8

Use - make the haemoglobin
Disease - Anaemia

Question 9

Ingestion meaning

Answer 9

Taking of substances into the body through the mouth

Question 10

Digestion meaning

Answer 10

Breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules so that they can pass through the gut wall in the blood

Question 11

Absorption definition

Answer 11

The movement of small food molecules through the wall of the intestine into the blood

Question 12

Assimilation meaning

Answer 12

The movement of digestive food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used becoming part of the cell

Question 13

Egestion meaning

Answer 13

Passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed as farces through the anus

Question 14

What is physical digestion and how does it work

Answer 14

The breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces of food without changing the food molecules
How - this starts in the mouth where chewing breaks down food into smaller pieces that can be swallowed

Question 15

What is Chemical digestion

Answer 15

The breakdown of the large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules by the action of enzymes

Question 16

How does chemical digestion work

Answer 16

Occurs in the mouth stomach and small intestine.
Physical digestion gives a large surface area for the enzymes to work on.
The 3 enzymes protease lipase amylase
Which break down their own enzymes

Question 17

What does protease break down

Answer 17

Protein molecules

Question 18

What does amylase break down

Answer 18

Starch to maltose

Question 19

What does lipase break down

Answer 19

Lipase breaks down fat molecules

Question 20

What are incisors

Answer 20

Chisel shaped teeth for biting and cutting

Question 21

What are canines

Answer 21

Pointed for piercing and tearing

Question 22

What are premolars

Answer 22

Uneven cusps for grinding and chewing

Question 23

What are molars

Answer 23

Like premolars and are for chewing up food

Question 24

What is the enamel

Answer 24

Forms the hard outer layer of the crown of the tooth which is part above the gum

Question 25

What is pulp cavity

Answer 25

A space in the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels

Question 26

What is the milk teeth

Answer 26

Small teeth and there are only 8 molars as our jaw is too small at young ages 7-11

Question 27

What is wisdom teeth

Answer 27

Molars that get taken out when 20

Question 28

What happens when you chew or swallow

Answer 28

The incisor teeth and canine teeth bite it into chunks and the premolar and molar teeth grind these chunks of food into much smaller pieces then the tongue mixes it with saliva and the food is chewed

Question 29

What makes saliva

Answer 29

Salivary glands

Question 30

What’s in salivary glands

Answer 30

Mucus and amylase

Question 31

Mucus meaning

Answer 31

A slimy substance that makes it smooth for the passage of the food boils down the throat

Question 32

What is the oesophagus role

Answer 32

from the mouth to the stomach
The movement of food down the oesophagus occurs by a wave of muscular contractions called peristalsis

Question 33

What does the stomach do for digestion

Answer 33

The walls of the stomach make a digestive juice.
This contains protease from pepsin and hcl which has low ph so the enzymes in any harmful microorganisms in the food are denatured.
Then it is churned up so it mixes well and then food is passed to the duodenum

Question 34

Two parts of small intestine

Answer 34

Duodenum and ileum

Question 35

How does pancreas help with digestion

Answer 35

Pancreatic juice flows down the duct to meet food arriving from the stomach
This contains
Amylase - breaks down starch to maltose
Protease - breaks down proteins and trypsin
Lipase - break down days to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 36

Absorption meaning

Answer 36

The movement of digested food molecules through the wall of the intestine into the blood

Question 37

How is small intestine adapted for absorption

Answer 37

Digested food with simple sugars Amino acids and glycerol. These molecules pass through the wall of the small intestine either by diffusion or active transport
- very large surface area of about 9sqm
- a thin lining so digested food can easily cross the wall into the blood