Topic 7 Flashcards
Functions of nutrient
Provide energy - this is mainly the role of carbs and fats
Allow growth and repair - of body cells and tissue
To regulate the body’s metabolism
Balanced diet
Enough energy
Essential amino acids from proteins
Essential fatty acids from fats
Micronutrients
Water
Fiber
Correct portions
Vitamin c - where is it found,the use and the disease
Found - oranges,lemon,other citrus fruits
Use in body - tissue repair,resistance to disease
Disease - scurvy
Vitamin D - where is it found,the use and the disease
Where - oily fish,milk,butter
Uses - strengthen bones and teeth
Disease - soft bones,legs bow outwards
Iron - where is it found,the use and the disease
Where - liver,meat,eggs
Use - forming haemoglobin in red blood cells for transport of oxygen
Disease - tiredness, lack of energy
Calcium - where is it found,the use and the disease
Where - milk,fish,green vegetables
Use - strengthens bones and teeth
Disease - tickets and muscle weakness and cramps
Vitamin characteristics
- essential in small quantities to ensure a healthy body
- able to work with enzymes to control the chemical reaction of the body
- they can’t be digested or broken down by enzymes
- they can’t be used to build up body structures
Iron - where is it found,the use and the disease
Use - make the haemoglobin
Disease - Anaemia
Ingestion meaning
Taking of substances into the body through the mouth
Digestion meaning
Breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules so that they can pass through the gut wall in the blood
Absorption definition
The movement of small food molecules through the wall of the intestine into the blood
Assimilation meaning
The movement of digestive food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used becoming part of the cell
Egestion meaning
Passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed as farces through the anus
What is physical digestion and how does it work
The breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces of food without changing the food molecules
How - this starts in the mouth where chewing breaks down food into smaller pieces that can be swallowed
What is Chemical digestion
The breakdown of the large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules by the action of enzymes
How does chemical digestion work
Occurs in the mouth stomach and small intestine.
Physical digestion gives a large surface area for the enzymes to work on.
The 3 enzymes protease lipase amylase
Which break down their own enzymes
What does protease break down
Protein molecules
What does amylase break down
Starch to maltose
What does lipase break down
Lipase breaks down fat molecules
What are incisors
Chisel shaped teeth for biting and cutting
What are canines
Pointed for piercing and tearing
What are premolars
Uneven cusps for grinding and chewing
What are molars
Like premolars and are for chewing up food
What is the enamel
Forms the hard outer layer of the crown of the tooth which is part above the gum
What is pulp cavity
A space in the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels
What is the milk teeth
Small teeth and there are only 8 molars as our jaw is too small at young ages 7-11
What is wisdom teeth
Molars that get taken out when 20
What happens when you chew or swallow
The incisor teeth and canine teeth bite it into chunks and the premolar and molar teeth grind these chunks of food into much smaller pieces then the tongue mixes it with saliva and the food is chewed
What makes saliva
Salivary glands
What’s in salivary glands
Mucus and amylase
Mucus meaning
A slimy substance that makes it smooth for the passage of the food boils down the throat
What is the oesophagus role
from the mouth to the stomach
The movement of food down the oesophagus occurs by a wave of muscular contractions called peristalsis
What does the stomach do for digestion
The walls of the stomach make a digestive juice.
This contains protease from pepsin and hcl which has low ph so the enzymes in any harmful microorganisms in the food are denatured.
Then it is churned up so it mixes well and then food is passed to the duodenum
Two parts of small intestine
Duodenum and ileum
How does pancreas help with digestion
Pancreatic juice flows down the duct to meet food arriving from the stomach
This contains
Amylase - breaks down starch to maltose
Protease - breaks down proteins and trypsin
Lipase - break down days to fatty acids and glycerol
Absorption meaning
The movement of digested food molecules through the wall of the intestine into the blood
How is small intestine adapted for absorption
Digested food with simple sugars Amino acids and glycerol. These molecules pass through the wall of the small intestine either by diffusion or active transport
- very large surface area of about 9sqm
- a thin lining so digested food can easily cross the wall into the blood
