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ICT AS > Topic 6c: ICT in Healthcare > Flashcards

Topic 6c: ICT in Healthcare Flashcards

1
Q

Give 2 examples of where tracking technology is used in patient care in hospitals.

A

Bar codes are printed on blood bags, patient wrist bands and employees’ ID cards. They can also be used for tracking lab specimens (blood tests, urine etc) and be printed onto important documents such as patients’ paper records.

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2
Q

What information would be stored in a patient’s wrist band?

A

The patient wrist band contains their name, date of birth, blood type and a unique identifier (such as their NHS number).

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3
Q

A patient’s name is stored in what?

A

Their wrist band.

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4
Q

A patient’s date of birth is stored in what?

A

Their wrist band.

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5
Q

A patient’s blood type is stored in what?

A

Their wrist band.

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6
Q

A patient’s unique identifier (such as their NHS number) is stored in what?

A

Their wrist band.

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7
Q

Name 3 benefits of having barcodes on blood bags.

A

An audit trail can be created so if something goes wrong, or a bag is lost, the process can be checked to find out where the bag was last located. Medical staff swipe their ID card when they take a bag from the fridge. Therefore, the audit trail includes the identity of the person who booked out the blood. Only authorised staff can book out blood. The blood type in the bag can be easily cross-checked with the blood type stored on the patient’s wrist band. It would be life-threatening if a patient was given the wrong blood type. If a serious infection is found in the blood, the original donor can be traced. The inventory system will count the number of bags booked out and automatically order new stock when it detects that supplies are running low. A paper based system would be much slower, would take up storage space and would be more prone to error. Barcode reader apps are freely available for smartphones.

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8
Q

Why would an audit trail be created?

A

If something goes wrong, or a bag is lost, the process can be checked to find out where the bag was last located.

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9
Q

What does an audit trail include?

A

The identity of the person who booked out the blood and the last location of the bag.

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10
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of a barcode tracking system.

A

Barcode scanners can be expensive (over £100). Barcodes can be damaged and become unreadable. Barcode scanners could be lost in busy hospital.

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11
Q

Expense is a disadvantage of what?

A

Barcode tracking systems.

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12
Q

Damage and readability are disadvantages of what?

A

Barcodes.

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13
Q

What can be lost in a busy hospital?

A

Barcode scanners.

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14
Q

Describe the blood audit trail.

A

Barcodes on blood bags can be used to track where the bag is located when it is delivered to the hospital, checked out of the fridge, delivered to the ward, used in a patient transfusion, and finally disposed of in a special bin. The audit trail will include all the details of the blood, all dates and times when it was checked out, the identity of the patient, and the identity of the medical staff.

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15
Q

What is ISBT 128?

A

The International Society of Blood Transfusion 128 is the worldwide standard for tracking and processing blood.

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16
Q

Sensors are used extensively in healthcare. What is a sensor?

A

Sensors inside devices are used to measure physical, chemical, and biological quantities and convert them into a digital form that can be read by computers.

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17
Q

What are used to measure physical, chemical, and biological quantities and convert them into a digital form that can be read by computers.

A

Sensors.

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18
Q

Name 3 types of analogue measurement that sensors could monitor?

A 
Temperature 
Blood pressure 
Pulse 
Oxygen level in the blood 
Blood sugar (glucose) 
Brain activity 
Respiratory rate.
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19
Q

Temperature can be monitored by what?

A

Sensor.

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20
Q

Blood pressure can be monitored by what?

A

Sensor.

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21
Q

Pulse can be monitored by what?

A

Sensor.

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22
Q

Oxygen level in the blood can be monitored by what?

A

Sensor.

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23
Q

Blood sugar can be monitored by what?

A

Sensor.

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24
Q

Brain activity can be monitored by what?

A

Sensor.

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25
Q

Respiratory rate can be monitored by what?

A

Sensor.

26
Q

Name 3 ways a sensor is used in patient care in a hospital.

A
  1. Routine measurements can be automated in order to save time for nurses and doctors on the ward.
  2. Measurements that indicate a problem can trigger alerts to be sent to smartphones of medical staff.
  3. Sensors can send control signals directly to medical equipment like ventilators and intravenous drips.
27
Q

Name 3 advantages of using sensors for automated patient monitoring.

A

Monitoring can be 24/7
Nursing staff are freed up for other tasks
Cost savings as one nurse can look after more patients
Patient readings are never accidently missed
Sensor readings are more accurate than manual measurements
Sensor readings can be taken continuously instead of at intervals
Medical staff can be alerted to problems more quickly
Patient deterioration is spotted sooner

28
Q

Monitoring can be 24/7 is an advantage of what?

A

Using sensors for automated patient monitoring.

29
Q

Nursing staff being freed up for other tasks is an advantage of what?

A

Using sensors for automated patient monitoring.

30
Q

Cost savings as one nurse can look after more patients is an advantage of what?

A

Using sensors for automated patient monitoring.

31
Q

Patient readings never being accidentally missed is an advantage of what?

A

Using sensors for automated patient monitoring.

32
Q

Sensor readings being more accurate than manual measurements is an advantage of what?

A

Using sensors for automated patient monitoring.

33
Q

Medical staff being able to be alerted to problems more quickly is an advantage of what?

A

Using sensors for automated patient monitoring.

34
Q

Patient deterioration being spotted sooner is an advantage of what?

A

Using sensors for automated patient monitoring.

35
Q

Name a disadvantage of using sensors for patient care.

A

Calibration is needed to ensure the sensor is accurate. An uncalibrated device could be very dangerous as readings would not be accurate.
Having to regularly calibrate devices is an extra process that takes time and costs money as a specialist company may be needed.

36
Q

Calibration being needed to ensure the sensor is accurate is a disadvantage of what?

A

Using sensors for automated patient monitoring.

37
Q

Having to regularly calibrate devices is an extra process that takes time and costs money as a specialist company may be needed is a disadvantage of what?

A

Using sensors for automated patient monitoring.

38
Q

What is body scanning?

A

Scanning devices build a model of the internal structures of the patient’s body in order to aid diagnosis and select the most appropriate treatment.

39
Q

Scanning devices that build a model of the internal structures of the patient’s body in order to aid diagnosis and select the most appropriate treatment is known as what?

A

Body scanning.

40
Q

What does MRI stand for?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

41
Q

What is an MRI scan?

A

The patient lies in a rotating cylinder that generates a large magnetic field. The field causes hydrogen atoms in the body to start emitting radio frequency (RF) signals. The human body contains a lot of hydrogen, which is mainly concentrated in water and fat. The strength of the RF signal therefore allows skilled radiographers to see where different types of body tissue are located and what condition they are in. The RF signals are quite weak, so the patient has to lie very still for up to 2 hours until a good image has been made.

42
Q

A process where the patient lies in a rotating cylinder that generates a large magnetic field is what?

A

An MRI scan.

43
Q

What does CAT scan stand for?

A

Computerised Axial Tomography

44
Q

What is a CAT scan?

A

A CAT scan involves multiple X-rays, each taken at a different angle to the body in order to build up a cross-sectional picture.

45
Q

A process that involves multiple X-rays, each taken at a different angle to the body in order to build up a cross-sectional picture is known as what?

A

A CAT scan.

46
Q

Name 2 advantages of body scanning.

A

Rapid diagnosis, especially in emergency room
Early detection of problems like cancer increases cure rate
Reduce need for operations
Help surgeons plan operations
Assist doctors to plan treatment

47
Q

Rapid diagnosis is an advantage of what?

A

Body Scanning.

48
Q

Early detection of problems like cancer increases cure rate is an advantage of what?

A

Body Scanning.

49
Q

A reduction in the need for operations is an advantage of what?

A

Body Scanning

50
Q

Helping surgeons plan operations is an advantage of what?

A

Body Scanning.

51
Q

Assisting doctors to plan treatment is an advantage of what?

A

Body Scanning.

52
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of body scanning.

A

Very expensive equipment
Not portable, patients must travel to hospital Ionising radiation risk (CAT scan)
Can be stressful for patients (MRI scan can take up to 2 hours)
Very high resolution digital images need to be compressed, transported, stored and made secure.

53
Q

The equipment being very expensive is a disadvantage of what?

A

Body Scanning.

54
Q

Non-portable equipment meaning that patients must travel to hospital lonising radiation risk is a disadvantage of what?

A

CAT Scan, Body Scanning.

55
Q

What can be stressful for patients?

A

Body Scans.

56
Q

Very high resolution digital images need to be compressed, transported, stored and made secure is a disadvantage of what?

A

Body scans.

57
Q

Name 2 ways that hospitals can protect their ICT systems against the risk of losing data.

A

Data centres in hospitals have uninteruptable power supplies. They also have diesel back-up generators.
Data can also be stored in the cloud and at multiple locations. However, healthcare data is often regulated by government so that it must always stay within a country’s borders. This can prevent a hospital from using a global cloud service as the data could be stored anywhere.

58
Q

Hospitals having uninterruptible power supplies fights against the risk of what?

A

Hospitals losing their data.

59
Q

Data being able to be stored in the cloud and at multiple locations fights against the risk of what?

A

Hospitals losing their data.

60
Q

What is an uninterruptible power supply (UPS)?

A

A UPS is usually a giant battery, or other form of power storage. If the mains power is lost, the UPS provides temporary power for computer(s) to run until either they can shut down safely, or an alternative power source (such as a dielsel generator) starts up.

61
Q

A giant battery, or other form of power storage is known as what?

A

An uninterruptible power supply (UPS).

ICT AS (14 decks)

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