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ICT AS > Topic 1: Data, Information, Knowledge > Flashcards

Topic 1: Data, Information, Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Define TGSML.

A

Text, Graphics, Sound, Moving Pictures, LED

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2
Q

The following are advantages of what?

Has no fixed position, do not to be in line of sight, great for visually impaired people

A

Advantages of sound.

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3
Q

The following are disadvantages of what?
Not good in large areas, usually language based, may not know what the sound represents, deaf people cannot acquire the data.

A

Disadvantages of sound.

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4
Q

Define data.

A

The raw facts and figures before they have been processed.

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5
Q

Define information.

A

Information is processed data.

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6
Q

Possible restrictions for receiving information.

A

Language barrier, disabled people may be affected in receiving information.

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7
Q

The following are advantages of what?

Clear to understand, has lots of detail,

A

Advantages of text.

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8
Q

The following are disadvantages of what?
Need to be able to read and understand language, can be confusing depending on level of language, cannot be read quickly.

A

Disadvantages of text.

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9
Q

The following are advantages of what?
Allows data to be kept secure through only certain people knowing what they mean, can be used in noisy places, similar to graphics.

A

Advantages of LEDS.

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10
Q

The following are disadvantages of what?

Need to know what info the light is telling you, need to be able to see the lights.

A

Disadvantages of LEDS.

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11
Q

The following are advantages of what?

Lots of info conveyed, not language dependent, can bring emphasis to the text.

A

Advantages of moving pictures.

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12
Q

The following are disadvantages of what?

They are linear so if you don’t see the beginning you may not understand.

A

Disadvantages of moving pictures.

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13
Q

What kind of example to do with TGSML is user manuals?

A

Text and Graphics.

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14
Q

What kind of example to do with TGSML are fire alarms?

A

Sound

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15
Q

What kind of example to do with TGSML are electronic tills?

A

Text and Sound.

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16
Q

What kind of example to do with TGSML are early learning toys?

A

Text, Graphics and Sound.

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17
Q

Identify the data in this situation: In a pub quiz, there are four teams playing. Team 1 has a score of 48, Team 2 has a score of 54, Team 3 has a score of 53, and Team 4 has a score of 46. The winning team was Team 2 with 54.

A

The team’s scores.

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18
Q

Identify the information in this situation: In a pub quiz, there are four teams playing. Team 1 has a score of 48, Team 2 has a score of 54, Team 3 has a score of 53, and Team 4 has a score of 46. The winning team was Team 2 with 54.

A

The fact that the scores are for teams in a quiz.

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19
Q

Identify the knowledge in this situation: In a pub quiz, there are four teams playing. Team 1 has a score of 48, Team 2 has a score of 54, Team 3 has a score of 53, and Team 4 has a score of 46. The winning team was Team 2 with 54.

A

The fact that Team 2 won with 54 points.

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20
Q

Which of these examples is an example of data?

  1. The amber light on a traffic light
  2. The light conveying that the driver must stop
  3. The driver knowing how to stop the vehicle and when to start braking?
A
  1. The amber light
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21
Q

Which of these examples is an example of information?

  1. The amber light on a traffic light
  2. The light conveying that the driver must stop
  3. The driver knowing how to stop the vehicle and when to start braking?
A
  1. The light conveying the information that the driver must stop
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22
Q

Which of these examples is an example of knowledge?

  1. The amber light on a traffic light
  2. The light conveying that the driver must stop
  3. The driver knowing how to stop the vehicle and when to start braking?
A
  1. The driver knowing when to stop the vehicle and when to start braking.
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23
Q

In the context of braking at a amber traffic light, name three conditions that will affect the time when the driver should brake.

A
  1. the condition of the road
  2. tyre grip
  3. weather
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24
Q

Data that only has two values is called what?

A

Boolean data.

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25
Q

Data that involves anything that contains two examples is called what?

A

Boolean data.

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26
Q

Data that is used to hold data where the response can only be one of two values is called what?

A

Boolean data.

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27
Q

Male/Female is an example of what kind of data?

A

Boolean data.

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28
Q

Yes/No is an example of what kind of data?

A

Boolean data.

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29
Q

Numbers that contain a decimal place is classed as what kind of data?

A

Real data.

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30
Q

What is real data?

A

Data that contains number that have a decimal place.

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31
Q

Give an example of real data.

A

Measurements such as 2.7 metres or 1.82 centimetres.

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32
Q

What are whole numbers with no decimal places known as?

A

The integer data type.

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33
Q

TV Channels or large amounts of money are examples of what?

A

The integer data type.

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34
Q

Why might the integer data type be used?

A

When accuracy may not be of importance.

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35
Q

What is the integer data type?

A

Whole numbers with no decimal places.

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36
Q

What are examples of the integer data type?

A

TV Channels, large amounts of money.

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37
Q

What is text/string data?

A

Any alphanumeric character.

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38
Q

Any alphanumeric character is known as what kind of data?

A

Text/string data.

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39
Q

Names are examples of what kind of data?

A

Text/string data.

40
Q

Postcodes are examples of what kind of data?

A

Text/string data.

41
Q

Telephone numbers are examples of what kind of data?

A

Text/string data.

42
Q

Why are telephone numbers considered text/string data?

A

Because they have a leading 0 which would be disregarded in an integer data type.

43
Q

What is date/time data?

A

Data that displays date and/or time to different degrees of accuracy.

44
Q

1988, 1st December 1988, and 12:45 are all examples of what type of data?

A

Date/time data.

45
Q

Give examples of date/time data.

A

1998, 18th June 1988, 08:30

46
Q

Why is it important to allocate the correct data type?

A

Because various processes are carried out on specific data which may not work on all types of data.

47
Q

What is direct data?

A

Data collected from an original source.

48
Q

What type of data is collected from an original source?

A

Direct data.

49
Q

If you went out and conducted a study and gathered some data, what kind of data would that be?

A

Direct data.

50
Q

What is indirect data?

A

Data that has been used to a purpose different to why it was originally collected…

Or

Data that has been collected by someone else.

51
Q

Data that has been used to a purpose other than why it was originally collected is what kind of data?

A

Indirect data.

52
Q

Data that has been collected by someone else is what kind of data?

A

Indirect data.

53
Q

Advantages of direct data.

A

The source of the data is known, therefore the data is verified.

Exact data can be collected in response to answers.

54
Q

Disadvantages of direct data.

A

You may not get a large range of data.

The data may not be available at the location/time.

55
Q

Advantages of indirect data.

A

A large range of data is out there that could not have been collected directly.

Data can come from different locations and time periods.

56
Q

Disadvantages of indirect data.

A

You don’t know if it was bias data.

You cannot be certain of the accuracy of the data.

57
Q

In TGSML, the T stands for?

A

Text

58
Q

In TGSML, the G stands for?

A

Graphics

59
Q

In TGSML, the S stands for?

A

Sound

60
Q

In TGSML, the M stands for?

A

Moving Pictures

61
Q

In TGSML, the L stands for?

A

LED

62
Q

What is static information?

A

Information that stays the same.

63
Q

What is dynamic information?

A

Information that can be updated.

64
Q

Information that stays the same is what kind of information?

A

Static information.

65
Q

Information that can be updated is what kind of information?

A

Dynamic information.

66
Q

A CD is an example of what kind of information?

A

Static information.

67
Q

A website is an example of what kind of information?

A

Dynamic information.

68
Q

What does GIGO stand for?

A

Garbage In, Garbage Out.

69
Q

What does GIGO mean?

A

GIGO means that if data put into a system isn’t very good, then the information produced from it won’t be either.

70
Q

What are the six factors that determine how good data is?

A 
Accuracy
Relevance
Age
Completeness
Presentation
Level of detail
71
Q

What does ARACPL stand for?

A 
Accuracy
Relevance
Age
Completeness
Presentation
Level of detail
72
Q

In ARACPL, the first A stands for?

A

Accuracy

73
Q

In ARACPL, the R stands for?

A

Relevance

74
Q

In ARACPL, the second A stands for?

A

Age

75
Q

In ARACPL, the C stands for?

A

Completeness

76
Q

In ARACPL, the P stands for?

A

Presentation

77
Q

In ARACPL, the L stands for?

A

Level of Detail

78
Q

Define Accuracy.

A

Data needs to be accurate. If it isn’t, you cannot rely on the information that it provides.

79
Q

Define Relevance.

A

Data needs to be relevant. If you have some information that doesn’t relate to the topic; it is worthless. It increases the volume of data thus taking longer to look at.

80
Q

Define Age.

A

Some data needs to be kept up to date. In some cases, the information that data provides may be too old. It may have to be changed over time, meaning it is no longer relevant.

81
Q

Define Completeness.

A

Information needs to be complete. If you only have part of the information; it is worthless. Data requires a context, structure and meaning for it to have value and therefore be useful.

82
Q

Define Presentation.

A

Information needs to be presentable. It can be good to use a picture that goes with text.

83
Q

Define Level of Detail.

A

There is a balance between too much detail and too little. If there is too much, it can be difficult to find what you require.

84
Q

Data needing to be accurate describes what feature of the six factors that determine how good data is?

A

Accuracy.

85
Q

Data needing to be relevant describes what feature of the six factors that determine how good data is?

A

Relevance.

86
Q

Data may need updating describes what feature of the six factors that determine how good data is?

A

Age.

87
Q

Data that is worthless with only part of it describes what feature of the six factors that determine how good data is?

A

Completeness.

88
Q

Data needing to be presentable describes what feature of the six factors that determine how good data is?

A

Presentation.

89
Q

Data needing to have the right amount of detail describes what feature of the six factors that determine how good data is?

A

Level of detail.

90
Q

What is encoding data?

A

Putting into short hand.

91
Q

Data put into short hand is what kind of data?

A

Encoded.

92
Q

A postcode is an example of what kind of data?

A

Encoded.

93
Q

BLTR36 is an example of what kind of data?

A

Encoded.

94
Q

Disadvantage of encoding data?

A

Data may not be accurate. For example, we could get BL confused for Blue or Black as they both start with BL.

95
Q

Advantages of encoding data?

A

Computer memory requirements are a lot less when working with a lot of data.

It’s quicker to type in code.

It’s easier to validate code as it follows a set pattern.

ICT AS (14 decks)

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