Topic 6A

Question 1

What is a homologous series

Answer 1

a group of organic compounds with the same functional group and general formulae

Question 2

What is a functional group

Answer 2

A group of atoms in a molecule responsible for the characteristic reactions/ chemical characteristics

Question 3

Suffix for Aldehydes

Answer 3

-al

Question 4

Suffix for ketones

Answer 4

-one

Question 5

What is an addition reaction

Answer 5

two or more molecules joining to make a larger molecule

Question 6

What is a polymerisation reaction

Answer 6

joining lots of simple molecules to make a giant one

Question 7

What is an elimination reaction

Answer 7

when a small group of atoms breaks away from a larger molecule

Question 8

what is a substitution reaction

Answer 8

when one species is replaced by another

Question 9

what is a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 9

splitting a molecule into two new molecules by adding H+ and OH- derived from water

Question 10

What is structural isomerism

Answer 10

When a group of compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 11

Chain Isomers

Answer 11

When the carbon chain is arranged differently: straight or branched

different physical properties (boiling points)

Question 12

Positional isomers

Answer 12

functional group is attached to a different carbon

different physical and chemical properties

Question 13

functional group isomers

Answer 13

arranged Into different functional groups

very different chemical and physical properties

Question 14

What is a Z-isomer

Answer 14

when the same groups are both above of both below the double bond
eg H3C CH3
C—C (double bond)
H H

Question 15

what is a E-isomer

Answer 15

when the same groups are positioned across the double bond
eg H CH3
C—C (double bond)
H3C H

Question 16

Why can’t double bonds rotate

Answer 16

They are planar

Question 17

What is stereoisomerism

Answer 17

same structural formula but different arrangement in space

Question 18

E/Z isomerism when the same groups are not present

Answer 18

groups with larger atomic numbers have higher priority so the highest priority is found on each side
eg F(9) Cl(17)
C—C (double bond)
H(1) Br(35)

so Z isomer

Question 19

what are cis/trans isomers

Answer 19

specific types of E/Z isomers 
when there is a group that is the same then cis means on the same side and 
trans means across 
ONLY if there are the same group 
eg the hydrogens 
      H       H
       C---C
      Cl       F