Topic 6A Flashcards
What is a homologous series
a group of organic compounds with the same functional group and general formulae
What is a functional group
A group of atoms in a molecule responsible for the characteristic reactions/ chemical characteristics
Suffix for Aldehydes
-al
Suffix for ketones
-one
What is an addition reaction
two or more molecules joining to make a larger molecule
What is a polymerisation reaction
joining lots of simple molecules to make a giant one
What is an elimination reaction
when a small group of atoms breaks away from a larger molecule
what is a substitution reaction
when one species is replaced by another
what is a hydrolysis reaction
splitting a molecule into two new molecules by adding H+ and OH- derived from water
What is structural isomerism
When a group of compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
Chain Isomers
When the carbon chain is arranged differently: straight or branched
different physical properties (boiling points)
Positional isomers
functional group is attached to a different carbon
different physical and chemical properties
functional group isomers
arranged Into different functional groups
very different chemical and physical properties
What is a Z-isomer
when the same groups are both above of both below the double bond
eg H3C CH3
C—C (double bond)
H H
what is a E-isomer
when the same groups are positioned across the double bond
eg H CH3
C—C (double bond)
H3C H
Why can’t double bonds rotate
They are planar
What is stereoisomerism
same structural formula but different arrangement in space
E/Z isomerism when the same groups are not present
groups with larger atomic numbers have higher priority so the highest priority is found on each side
eg F(9) Cl(17)
C—C (double bond)
H(1) Br(35)
so Z isomer
what are cis/trans isomers
specific types of E/Z isomers
when there is a group that is the same then cis means on the same side and
trans means across
ONLY if there are the same group
eg the hydrogens
H H
C---C
Cl F
