Topic 6 Variation Flashcards
What is DNA
- The chemical that all of the genetic material in a cell is made up from
- a polymer
What does DNA contain
Coded information
What determines your inherited characteristics
Whats in ur DNA
Where is dna found
In the nucleus of animal and plant cells in long structures called chromosomes
What is DNA made up of
Its made up of two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix
What is a gene
A small section of DNA found on a chromosome
What does a gene code for
A particular sequence of amino acids which are put together to make a specific protein
How many amino acids are used
20
What does DNA determine
What proteins the cell produces which determines what type of cell it is
What is a genome
The entire set of genetic material in an organism
What is sexual reproduction
Where genetic info from 2 organisms is combined to produce offspring which are genetically different to either parent
2 examples of gametes
Egg and sperm cell
How many chromosomes does a gamete have
23
What does sexual reproduction involve
The fusion of male and female gametes
Why is the offspring genetically identical in asexual reproduction
Because it only involves one parent
How does asexual happen, by what method
Mitosis
By what process are gametes made from
Meiosis
Meiosis- before the cell starts to divides what happens first
It replicates its genetical material and then arrange into pairs
What happens in the first division in meiosis
The chromosome pairs line up in the centre of the cell
What chromosomes do makes have
XY
What chromosomes do females have
XX
What is the chance that a sperm cell gets an X and Y chromosome
50% each
What are alleles
Different versions of the same gene
What is your genotype
The combination of alleles you have
