Topic 6 Variation

Question 1

What is DNA

Answer 1

• The chemical that all of the genetic material in a cell is made up from
• a polymer

Question 2

What does DNA contain

Answer 2

Coded information

Question 3

What determines your inherited characteristics

Answer 3

Whats in ur DNA

Question 4

Where is dna found

Answer 4

In the nucleus of animal and plant cells in long structures called chromosomes

Question 5

What is DNA made up of

Answer 5

Its made up of two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix

Question 6

What is a gene

Answer 6

A small section of DNA found on a chromosome

Question 7

What does a gene code for

Answer 7

A particular sequence of amino acids which are put together to make a specific protein

Question 8

How many amino acids are used

Answer 8

20

Question 9

What does DNA determine

Answer 9

What proteins the cell produces which determines what type of cell it is

Question 10

What is a genome

Answer 10

The entire set of genetic material in an organism

Question 11

What is sexual reproduction

Answer 11

Where genetic info from 2 organisms is combined to produce offspring which are genetically different to either parent

Question 12

2 examples of gametes

Answer 12

Egg and sperm cell

Question 13

How many chromosomes does a gamete have

Answer 13

23

Question 14

What does sexual reproduction involve

Answer 14

The fusion of male and female gametes

Question 15

Why is the offspring genetically identical in asexual reproduction

Answer 15

Because it only involves one parent

Question 16

How does asexual happen, by what method

Answer 16

Mitosis

Question 17

By what process are gametes made from

Answer 17

Meiosis

Question 18

Meiosis- before the cell starts to divides what happens first

Answer 18

It replicates its genetical material and then arrange into pairs

Question 19

What happens in the first division in meiosis

Answer 19

The chromosome pairs line up in the centre of the cell

Question 20

What chromosomes do makes have

Answer 20

XY

Question 21

What chromosomes do females have

Answer 21

XX

Question 22

What is the chance that a sperm cell gets an X and Y chromosome

Answer 22

50% each

Question 23

What are alleles

Answer 23

Different versions of the same gene

Question 24

What is your genotype

Answer 24

The combination of alleles you have

Question 25

What are fossils

Answer 25

The remains of organisms from many thousand of years ago which are found in rocks

Question 26

What do fossils provide

Answer 26

The evidence that organisms lived ages ago

Question 27

3 ways in how fossils can can form in rocks

Answer 27

• mummification
• gradual replacement by minerals
• casts and moulds

Question 28

What is speciation

Answer 28

The development of a new species

Question 29

If bacteria develop random mutation what can happen

Answer 29

• it can lead to changes in their characteristics

- which can lead to antibiotic resistant strains

Question 30

Why are antibiotic strains a problem for people who become infected with bacteria

Answer 30

Because they aren’t immune to the new strain and there is no effective treatment- this means that the infection easily spreads