topic 5 controlling fertility Flashcards
how can oestrogen help someone prevent someone getting pregnant
if oestrogen is taken everyday to keep the level of it permanently high, it can inhibit the production of FSH release and after a while the production of an egg development will stop
how does progesterone reduce fertility
by stimulating the production of thick mucus which prevents any sperm getting through and aching an egg
what is the pill
an oral contraceptive containing oestrogen and progesterone also known as the combined oral contraceptive pill
why is the pill good
it is over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy
why is the pill bad
it can cause side effects such as headaches and does not protect against STDs
what is the progesterone only pill
it has fewer side effects than the pill but just as effective
what is the contraceptive PATCH
a small 5X5 patch that is stuck to the skin, each patch lasts 1 week and it contains oestrogen and progesterone
what is the contraceptive IMPLANT
it is inserted under the skin of the arm,
- it releases continuous amounts of progesterone, which sops the ovaries from releasing eggs
- makes it harder for the sperm to swim to the egg
- stops any fertilised egg implanting in the uteris
what is the contraceptive INJECTION
it contains progesterone and each does lasts up to 3 months
what is an ULTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)
a T-shaped device that is inserted in the uterus to kill the sperm and prevent implantation of a fertilised egg
what are the 2 types of IUDs
plastic IUD- that releases progesterone
copper IUDs that prevent the sperm surviving in the uterus
give a form of non-hormonal contraception
condoms
what are condoms
they are worn over the penis during sexual intercourse to prevent the sperm entering the vagina and getting to an egg
what are condoms good
they protects against STDs
what is a diaphragm
a shallow cup that fits over the cervix (the entrance to the uterus) to form a barrier. It as to be used with spermicide (a substance that disables or kills the sperm)
what is sterilisation
it involves cutting or tying the fallopian tubes (which connet the ovaries to the uterus) in a female, or the sperm duct (the tube between the testes and penis) in a male
what is a natural method of contraception
avoiding sex when most fertile- this is not very effective
what is the only method of contraception that is 100% that stops a woman becoming pregnant
abstinence
why can some women not get pregnant
because they have very low low levels of FSH to cause their eggs to mature which means that no eggs are released
what 2 hormones can be found in a fertility drug to stimulate ovulation
FSH and LH
what are the pros of fertility drugs
it helps a lot of women to get pregnant
give 2 disadvantages of fertility drugs
- don’t always work- some women may have to do it a lot of times which can be very expensive
- too many eggs can be stimulated which can be resulted in multiple births which is dangerous for the child and the mother
