Topic 6 Metabolism Flashcards
What is metabolism?
The collection of chemical reactions in a cell
What are catabolic pathways?
The breakdown of complex molecules, releasing energy
What is cellular respiration an example of?
Catabolic pathway
What are anabolic pathways?
the series of chemical reactions where you obtain a final product, requiring energy
What is protein synthesis an example of?
anabolic pathway
What is kinetic energy?
Movement energy
What is potential energy?
positional energy (stored)
Is thermal kinetic or potential energy?
Kinetic bc generated by the movement of molecules
Is chemical potential or kinetic energy?
Potential bc it is energy available for release
What is ATP?
a modified RNA nucleotide with 3 phosphates instead of 1
Where are the high energy electrons stored in ATP?
In the bond of the last phosphate on the end
Why do cells use ATP?
What are endergonic chemical reactions?
Low energy reactants to high energy products, releasing energy
What are exergonic chemical reactions?
High energy reactants go in to low energy products
How do enzymes affect a chemical reactions?
they speed up reaction and lower activation energy
What factors influence enzyme reactions?
pH, temperature, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, inhibitor
How does pH level influence enzymes?
disrupts ion balance and this breaks the enzyme down
What happens to enzymes when pH level is increased?
increases negative hydroxide ions and decreases positive hydrogen ions
What happens to enzymes when pH is lowered?
increases positive hydrogen ions, decreases negative hydroxide ions
How does temperature influence enzymes?
increase in thermal energy destroys hydrogen bonds fast, decreasing slows down doesn’t kill
How does the substrate concentration influence enzymes?
Enzyme activity increases when the concentration of substrate increases since it is more likely for it is encounter enzyme
How does enzyme concentration influence enzymes?
Speeds up the reaction
What are the 2 types of enzyme inhibitors?
competitive inhibitor and noncompetitive inhibitor
How do competitive inhibitors work?
binds to the active site, doesn’t allow substrate to bind
