Topic 4 Cell Structures Flashcards
What are the 4 things eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells don’t?
10x bigger in size, nucleus, membrane bound organelles, and multiple linear chromosomes
What are 3 examples of eukaryotes?
animals, plants fungi
What is an example of a prokaryote?
bacteria,
What is the nucleus?
Houses cell’s genetic information
What are ribosomes?
large complex of protein and RNA that synthesize protein, structure not organelle
What is the rough ER?
Bound ribosomes, Glycoprotein synthesis, transport vesicles, synthesis membrane
What is the smooth ER?
No ribosomes, synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbs, detoxifies drugs
What is the golgi complex?
modifies proteins, sorts and packages materials into vesicles
What are lysosome?
contains digestive enzymes
What are central vacuoles?
large storage found in plant cells
What is a cytoskeleton?
provides support and mobility to the cell (not organelle)
What is the cell membrane?
regulates what enters and exits cell
What is the cytoplasm?
Fluid that surrounds cell components
What is the cell wall?
provides support for plant cells
What is chloroplast?
converts light and water into sugar
What is the mitochondria?
Powerhouse of the cell, converts sugar into o2 to ATP (cell respiration)
What two organelles have their own DNA?
mitochondria and chloroplast
What are the 3 key differences between plant and animal cells?
Plants have cell walls, chloroplast, and central vacuole
What is the endosymbiont Theory?
Origin story of chloroplast and mitochondria; comes from bacteria that de-evolved that became useful to the cell. reason why it is independent from cell
What are viruses and what are they made of?
Biological agent that reproduces inside of living cells, made up of nucleic acid (dna or rna) and surrounded by protein coat
