Topic 2 Chem Flashcards
What are the 3 subatomic particles that make up an atom and their location?
Proton - Nucleus
neutron - Nucleus
electron - Circling nucleus
What are the charges of the 3 subatomic particles?
Proton - Positive
Electron - Negative
Neutron - no charge
What are the masses of the 3 subatomic particles?
Proton - Mass of 1
Electron - no mass
Neutron - mass of 1
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons of an element.
Where is atomic number located on Periodic Table?
On top of element
What is atomic mass?
The number of protons plus neutrons.
Where is atomic mass located on Periodic Table?
Under the element
What is the correct electron placement in electron shells?
2 in first ring, 8 in next rings
What are isotopes?
Different versions of an element with different # of neutrons
Why are isotopes useful in Biology?
Can determine whether something is radioactive (unstable breakdown over time)
How are ions formed?
When an element gains or loses electron
What are cations?
positive ion
What are anions?
Negative ion
What are 3 types of chemical bonds?
Ionic, covalent, hydrogen
Describe covalent bonds
Sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Describe ionic bonds with an example.
Results from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. ex. sodium cations and chlorine anions
What are the 2 types of covalent bonds?
nonpolar covalent bonds
polar covalent bonds
What are nonpolar covalent bonds with an example?
electron pairs between atoms of equal or similar electronegativity
ex. H-H, C-H
What are polar covalent bonds with an example?
electrons shared between atoms of unequal electronegativity
ex. H-O
Describe hydrogen bond.
weak attraction between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom
What is electronegativity?
How badly you want electrons
What are the 5 properties of water that make it biologically valuable to life?
- Water and Density
- Adhesion
- Cohesion
- High Heat capacity
- Solvent of Life
Describe water and density.
less dense as a solid than liquid
Describe Adhesion
Water is sticky to other polar or charged things (hydrogen bonds)
