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BILD 1 > Topic 2 Chem > Flashcards

Topic 2 Chem Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 subatomic particles that make up an atom and their location?

A

Proton - Nucleus
neutron - Nucleus
electron - Circling nucleus

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2
Q

What are the charges of the 3 subatomic particles?

A

Proton - Positive
Electron - Negative
Neutron - no charge

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3
Q

What are the masses of the 3 subatomic particles?

A

Proton - Mass of 1
Electron - no mass
Neutron - mass of 1

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4
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons of an element.

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5
Q

Where is atomic number located on Periodic Table?

A

On top of element

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6
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

The number of protons plus neutrons.

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7
Q

Where is atomic mass located on Periodic Table?

A

Under the element

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8
Q

What is the correct electron placement in electron shells?

A

2 in first ring, 8 in next rings

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9
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Different versions of an element with different # of neutrons

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10
Q

Why are isotopes useful in Biology?

A

Can determine whether something is radioactive (unstable breakdown over time)

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11
Q

How are ions formed?

A

When an element gains or loses electron

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12
Q

What are cations?

A

positive ion

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13
Q

What are anions?

A

Negative ion

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14
Q

What are 3 types of chemical bonds?

A

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

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15
Q

Describe covalent bonds

A

Sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

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16
Q

Describe ionic bonds with an example.

A

Results from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. ex. sodium cations and chlorine anions

17
Q

What are the 2 types of covalent bonds?

A

nonpolar covalent bonds
polar covalent bonds

18
Q

What are nonpolar covalent bonds with an example?

A

electron pairs between atoms of equal or similar electronegativity
ex. H-H, C-H

19
Q

What are polar covalent bonds with an example?

A

electrons shared between atoms of unequal electronegativity
ex. H-O

20
Q

Describe hydrogen bond.

A

weak attraction between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom

21
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

How badly you want electrons

22
Q

What are the 5 properties of water that make it biologically valuable to life?

A
  1. Water and Density
  2. Adhesion
  3. Cohesion
  4. High Heat capacity
  5. Solvent of Life
23
Q

Describe water and density.

A

less dense as a solid than liquid

24
Q

Describe Adhesion

A

Water is sticky to other polar or charged things (hydrogen bonds)

25
Q

Describe Cohesion

A

Water is sticky to itself

26
Q

Describe High heat capacity

A

water needs more energy bc of the strength of the hydrogen bonds
to change 1 kilo need 1 degree C

27
Q

Describe solvent of life

A

Water can dissolve anything polar or charged

28
Q

What makes a solution basic?

A

There are more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions

29
Q

What makes a solution acidic?

A

There are more hydrogen ions that hydroxide ions

BILD 1 (13 decks)

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