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Living Environment Regents Review > Topic 6: Ecology and Human Impact on the Environment > Flashcards

Topic 6: Ecology and Human Impact on the Environment Flashcards

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Global History & Geography Regents flashcards
1
Q

Biosphere

A

Areas on earth where we can find life

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2
Q

Species

A

interbreeding population of organisms

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3
Q

Community

A

all the different populations in the ecosystem

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4
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the interaction between the living and nonliving things

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5
Q

Ecosystem

A

The interaction between living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) in a given area

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6
Q

Abiotic

A

Nonliving

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7
Q

Biotic

A

Living

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8
Q

Abiotic factors influence…

A

What types of organisms can live in the habitat

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9
Q

Examples of abiotic factors influencing what organisms can live in what habitats:

A

a) Temperature in Florida vs Alaska
b) amount of sunlight at the top of a lake vs the bottom

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10
Q

Biotic factors help to…

A

Recycle abiotic materials

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11
Q

Examples of biotic factors recycling abiotic materials

A

a) Aerobic respiration breaks C6H12O6 down for ATP and releases the carbon dioxide and water

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12
Q

To remain stable (self sustaining) ecosystems must have what 4 things?

A

1) Constant source of energy
2) Organisms that can convert the energy into usable form and pass it on to others
3) Diversity
4) Recycle of materials

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13
Q

What are energy sources for an ecosystem?

A

Sun or chemicals

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14
Q

Autotrophs

A

Plants; use sunlight and CO2 to make sugar (organic)

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15
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Animals; consume the sugar made by autotrophs for energy in respiration

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16
Q

Diversity

A

Many different producers and consumers. If one plant species dies than another can pick up the slack.

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17
Q

Recycle of materials

A

Organisms must break dead things down so the nutrients in them can be used again. Bacteria and fungi decompose dead producers and consumers down to release nitrogen. The nitrogen is then used by other plants to grow.

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18
Q

Food chain

A

Producer –> primary consumer –> secondary consumer

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19
Q

Example of food chain:

A

Aquatic plant –> aquatic insect –> Fish –> osprey

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20
Q

BLANK supplies the energy, and BLANK recycles the energy in an ecosystem:

A

The sun supplies, decomposers recycle

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21
Q

Food web

A

Many food chains that are interconnected

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22
Q

Energy Pyramid

A

When a consumer eats another organism, the energy is passed from one organism to the next.

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23
Q

What percent of energy is lost to metabolic activities?

A

90%

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24
Q

Example of metabolic activities that use energy:

A

a) You have to find the food (lose energy)
b) you have to ingest the food (lose energy)
c) You have to transport the food to cells (lose energy)
d) You have to convert the food to ATP (lose energy)

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25
Q

Does the amount of energy increase or decrease at each level?

A

Since energy is lost every time it’s transferred from one consumer to the next, the amount decreases at each level.

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26
Q

What is always the foundation of the food/energy pyramid?

A

Producers

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27
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The sun uses energy to put CO2 and H20 (inorganic materials) together to make C6H12O6/sugar/glucose/carbs (organic compounds)

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28
Q

Every organism has a BLANK in the habitat

A

Niche

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29
Q

Habitat

A

Environment occupied

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30
Q

Producers/ Autotrophs

A

Plants; can do photosynthesis to make food

31
Q

Consumers/Heterotrophs

A

cannot make their own food; rely on other organisms for food

32
Q

Herbivores

A

Eat only plants

33
Q

Carnivores

A

Eat only other consumers

34
Q

Scavengers

A

Eat dead consumers

35
Q

Predator

A

Hunt and eat prey

36
Q

Prey

A

Try to escape the predator

37
Q

Parasite

A

Steals nutrients from a host

38
Q

Host

A

Organism that a parasite steals nutrients from

39
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

amount of organisms that can be supported by the habitat

40
Q

What does carrying capacity depend on?

A

The amount of food or space available. Ex) the amount of rabbits (prey) available keeps the fox (predator) population stable

41
Q

Sharing a niche causes…

A

Competition for food/ resources

42
Q

Ecological Succession

A

Ecosystems change/ evolve. Plants and animals change the environment then the new environment attracts new plants and animals

43
Q

Examples of ecological succession

A

Lakes can fill in over time, fields turn into mature/ stable forests

44
Q

What can restart the process of ecological succession?

A

Fires and clearing the land

45
Q

Trade off

A

A decision made by you weighing the good and bad influences our actions have on the environment

46
Q

Nature Preserves

A

protect habitat and ecological diversity

47
Q

Recycle non-renewables

A

Decrease the amount of landfills (dumps) by using a non-renewable resource over again

48
Q

Examples of non-renewables that can be recycled

A

Aluminum cans, glass, metals, fossil fuels

49
Q

Use renewable resources

A

sunlight, wood, foods, are constantly being replenished in the environment

50
Q

Examples of trade offs

A

Nature preserves; recycling non-renewable resources; using renewable resources; composting; limiting pollution’ regulation/conservation; biological mediation; population growth; hunting/harvesting/farming; non-native species; CO2 emissions; CFC; Pesticides; Chemical pollution

51
Q

Composting

A

Decompose naturally, then use as a fertilizer

52
Q

Limit pollution

A

Air (smog form cars), water (dumping or runoff from rain)

53
Q

Regulation/ Conservation

A

Limit the amount of hunting

54
Q

Biological Mediation

A

Use another organism to check the population of another (instead of using pesticides, use a natural predator)

55
Q

Population growth leads to what types of negative impacts:

A

deforestation, using fossil fuels, more pollution like acid rain and smog

56
Q

Hunting/harvesting/farming

A

Decreases the diversity of a system

57
Q

Introduction of non-native species

A

Introduce new/ strange organism to an ecosystem. It will have no natural predators to keep the population stable, so it will exceed its carrying capacity –> this depletes resources for the existing species.

58
Q

What do CO2 emissions do to the environment?

A

Cause global warming, changing the biosphere

59
Q

CFC

A

Breaks down the ozone layer, letting in more UV

60
Q

Pesticides

A

Kill all insects (not just the target). The poison is passed on to other consumers that eat it. It becomes more concentrated in the next animal (biomagnification)

61
Q

Biomagnification

A

Poisons from pesticides become more concentrated as they go up the food chain

62
Q

Chemical Pollution

A

Air, water or food, may be a carcinogen (causes mutations in DNA). This may affect diversity

63
Q

Any time diversity is decreased, an ecosystem becomes BLANK stable (more or less)

A

Less

64
Q

Limiting Factors

A

anything that constrains a population’s size and slows or stops it from growing. Some examples of limiting factors are biotic, like food, mates, and competition with other organisms for resources.

65
Q

Deforestation

A

the decrease in forest areas across the world that are lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, or mining activities.

66
Q

Direct Harvesting

A

to take a species out of it’s environment.

67
Q

Energy Flow

A

the flow of energy through living things within an ecosystem

68
Q

Fossil Fuel

A

nonrenewable sources of energy formed from the organic matter of plants and microorganisms that lived millions of years ago.

69
Q

Global Warming

A

Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s surface observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere.

70
Q

Industrialization

A

the process of transforming the economy of a nation or region from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing.

71
Q

Nuclear Fuel

A

the fuel that is used in a nuclear reactor to sustain a nuclear chain reaction; ex) radioactive metals uranium-235 and plutonium-239.

72
Q

Ozone shield

A

The high concentration of ozone that is found in the stratosphere around 15–30km above the earth’s surface. It covers the entire planet and protects life on earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from the sun.

73
Q

Pollution

A

when chemicals, particles, or other materials are released into the environment, harming the organisms there.

74
Q
A

Living Environment Regents Review (7 decks)

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