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Living Environment Regents Review > Topic 2: Homeostasis in Living Things > Flashcards

Topic 2: Homeostasis in Living Things Flashcards

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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

The internal stability that all organisms maintain. Biochemical processes occur in living things and are essential for their survival.

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2
Q

Energy storing process

A

Photosynthesis

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3
Q

Photosynthesis equation (in words)

A

Water + carbon dioxide —> glucose + oxygen

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4
Q

Photosynthesis equation in chemical symbols

A

H2O + CO2 —> C6H12O6 + O2

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5
Q

Where does photosynthesis happen?

A

In the chloroplasts of plant cells

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6
Q

What pigment is needed for photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll

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7
Q

BLANK energy from the sun is converted into BLANK energy in photosynthesis.

A

Light, chemical

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8
Q

Stomates

A

Holes on the bottoms of leaves that open and close

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9
Q

Stomates let BLANK in when open

A

CO2

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10
Q

Stomates conserve BLANK when closed

A

Water

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11
Q

Guard cells

A

Special cells that control the opening or closing of the holes in leaves (stomates)

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12
Q

The energy releasing process is called BLANK

A

Cellular respiration

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13
Q

Cellular respiration equation in words

A

Glucose + oxygen —> water + carbon dioxide + ATP

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14
Q

Cellular respiration equation in symbols

A

C6H12O6 + O2 —> H2O + CO2 +ATP

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15
Q

Where does cellular respiration happen?

A

Mitochondria of cells

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16
Q

In cellular respiration, BLANK energy from glucose is converted into BLANK which is a form of energy used by cells

A

Chemical, ATP

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17
Q

Organism

A

All systems working together to maintain life and homeostasis

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18
Q

Digestive system

A

Digest and absorb nutrients

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18
Q

What are the 7 systems in an organism?

A

Digestive, respiratory, immune, nervous, endocrine, excretory, skeletal/ muscular

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19
Q
A
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19
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20
Q
A
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21
Q

Respiratory system

A

Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

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22
Q

Immune system

A

Protects the body from viruses and bacteria (pathogens/antigens)

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23
Q

Pathogens

A

Disease causing organisms (virus, bacteria, fungus, microorganisms, protists)

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24
Q

Antigens

A

Protein name tags that have a special shape the white blood cells can recognize the name tags to

25
Q

White blood cells

A

Produce antibodies that have a special shape to fit into or recognize the bad pathogens / antigens and destroy them or label them for destruction (immune response)

26
Q

Vaccines

A

Dead or weakened pathogen injected into the body so the white blood cells can “practice” making antibodies for it. Makes you IMMUNE to a pathogen

27
Q

Antibiotics

A

Medications given to fight bacterial infections

28
Q

Allergy

A

Body makes antibodies to harmless antigens (pollen, dust, peanut butter)

29
Q

AIDS

A

H.I.V. Destroys white blood cells, so you have no immunity

30
Q

Nervous system

A

Used for fast communication between cells to maintain homeostasis

31
Q

Endocrine system

A

Hormones (chemical message) is sent through the blood to a target cell/ organ that has the correct shaped receptors

32
Q

Feedback mechanisms

A

Maintain homeostasis by regulating the amount of sugar, water, calcium in your body/ blood

33
Q

Example of feedback mechanism: if blood sugar gets too high…

A

Insulin is released from the pancreas to bring it back to normal levels

34
Q

Excretory system

A

Removed wastes from the body (kidneys, skin, lungs)

35
Q

Skeletal/ muscular system

A

Locomotion

36
Q

Enzymes

A

Specially shaped proteins that digest or synthesize large molecules. They are needed for most metabolic activities (homeostasis/ equilibrium)

37
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

The constant small corrections that must occur to maintain homeostasis

38
Q

Enzymes are specific in their BLANK and BLANK

A

Action, substrate

39
Q

Substrate

A

What an enzyme digests or synthesizes. It “fits” into the enzyme

40
Q

Examples of enzymes for proteins, lactose, lipids

A

Protease digests proteins, lactase digests lactose, lipase digests lipids

41
Q

Catalysts

A

Increase the rate of reaction. Enzymes are catalysts.

42
Q

Example of enzyme as catalyst of starch

A

Starch will eventually breakdown into simple sugars, but enzymes make the reaction happen 1000 times faster

43
Q

Denature

A

Change the shape of an enzyme. This will change the speed of it or make it stop functioning

44
Q

Factors effecting enzyme activity

A

Temperature, pH (acidic/ basic), and amount of enzyme or substrate affect the rate that enzymes work. Every enzyme has an optimal (best) temp and pH that it can work the fastest (highest rate). Temp and pH graphs look similar. Concentration of enzyme and substrate graphs look similar.

45
Q

Antibodies

A

Proteins that protect you when an unwanted substance enters your body

46
Q

Bacteria

A

Microscopic living organisms that have only one cell

47
Q

Biochemical

A

Chemical processes that occur in living beings

48
Q

Processes

A

Any of the biological reactions or other events that result in a transformation or change of state

49
Q

Disease

A

Disorder of structure or function of an organism that is not a direct result of physical injury

50
Q

Dynamic

A

Changing over time

51
Q

Fungi

A

Eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, molds, and mushrooms

52
Q

Gas exchange

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between a living thing and its environment

53
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone that lowers glucose levels in the blood

54
Q

Microbe

A

A living thing that is too small to be seen with the naked eye

55
Q

pH

A

A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

56
Q

Pancreas

A

An organ which produces enzymes that help digestion and hormones including insulin

57
Q

Parasite

A

An organism that lives in or on an organism of another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the others expense

58
Q

stimuli

A

a detectable change in the internal or external environment

58
Q

virus

A

An infectious agent that can only reproduce within a host organism

59
Q

Lactic acid fermentation word equation

A

glucose –> lactic acid + energy

60
Q

anaerobic vs aerobic respiration

A

Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen and releases more energy but more slowly. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly.

Living Environment Regents Review (7 decks)

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