Topic 1: Living Things

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

The smallest unit of life

Question 2

Organelles

Answer 2

Structures inside the cell

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains DNA (genetic information) that controls the production of proteins

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Reads the message sent from DNA and places amino acids (AA) in the correct order to form a protein.

Question 4

The order of amino acids determines…

Answer 4

SHAPE and FUNCTION of a protein

Question 5

Vacuoles

Answer 5

Store food (food vacuoles) or wastes

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Site of cellular aerobic respiration. Makes ATP other metabolic activities need to stay alive.

Question 5

Levels of organization of living things (least complex to most complex)

Answer 5

Atom, molecule/compound, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Fluid (mostly water) where many chemical reactions take place

Question 7

Cell membrane

Answer 7

Controls what goes in (nutrients and O2) or out (CO2 and wastes) of the cell

Question 8

Selectively permeable

Answer 8

Only certain substances can pass through the membrane

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

Molecules move from a higher concentration to a low concentration with no energy required

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

The diffusion of water

Question 11

A cell has 95% water on the inside and 90% water on the outside. Water will move…

Answer 11

Out of the cell (high to low)

Question 12

Active transport

Answer 12

Molecules move from a low concentration to a high concentration. ENERGY IS REQUIRED. The energy used by cells is ATP.

Question 13

Receptor molecules

Answer 13

On the cell membrane, the shape determines what substances it can attach to and bring into the cell

Question 14

2 extra organelles that plant cells have:

Answer 14

Chloroplasts and super large vacuole

Question 15

Chloroplasts

Answer 15

Site of photosynthesis. Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.

Question 16

Super large vacuole

Answer 16

Store water and sugar in plant cells.

Question 17

The 6 life functions are:

Answer 17

Nutrition, transport, respiration, metabolism, regulation and coordination, excretion

Question 18

Nutrition

Answer 18

Nutrients are needed for energy (ATP), repair and growth

Question 19

Two ways organisms get their nutrients:

Answer 19

Autotrophic and heterotrophic

Question 20

Autotrophic organisms

Answer 20

Take in molecules. CO2 and H2O) to form complex organic compounds (like glucose C6H12O6)

Question 21

An example of autotrophic organism is:

Answer 21

Plants/ producers do photosynthesis

Question 22

Transport

Answer 22

Materials must be distributed throughout the cell or body (nutrients, wastes, hormones, oxygen, antibodies)

Question 23

Respiration

Answer 23

Energy (ATP) is released from the bonds of glucose. This happens in the mitochondria of the cells

Question 24

Metabolism

Answer 24

All chemical reactions in an organism, including synthesis

Question 25

Synthesis

Answer 25

Process of making materials in the body such as using nutrients to make proteins needed by the organism

Question 26

Regulation and coordination

Answer 26

To keep homeostasis, cells need to communicate (coordinate). Nerves/hormones carry messages to target cells with receptors on their membranes

Question 27

Excretion

Answer 27

Gets rid of toxic waste products from cellular processes. This is different from elimination (digestive waste/ feces)

Question 28

Amino acids

Answer 28

Organic molecules that are the building blocks of proteins

Question 29

Heterotrophic organisms

Answer 29

Cannot make their own food and rely on other organisms for food (starches, proteins, lipids)

Question 30

Starches are made of

Answer 30

Simple sugars (ex glucose)

Question 31

Proteins are made of

Answer 31

Amino acids

Question 32

Lipids are made of

Answer 32

Fatty acids

Question 33

Circulation

Answer 33

The flow of blood through blood vessels, and lymph through Lymph vessels

Question 34

Digestion

Answer 34

The process of breaking down food into substances the body can use for energy, tissue repair, and growth.

Question 35

Enzymes

Answer 35

Proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

Question 36

Homeostasis

Answer 36

A self regulating process so organisms can maintain internal stability while adjusting to a changing external environment

Question 37

Hormone

Answer 37

Chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body.

Question 38

Immunity

Answer 38

The immune systems way of protecting the body against infectious disease. 3 types (innate, adaptive, passive)

Question 39

Inorganic

Answer 39

A substance that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen.

Question 40

Organ

Answer 40

Group of tissues in an organism that are specialized to perform a specific function

Question 41

Organ System

Answer 41

A group of organs that work together in an organism to perform a specific function

Question 42

Organelle

Answer 42

A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function.

Question 43

Organic

Answer 43

Chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen

Question 44

Receptor molecule

Answer 44

A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific effect in the cell.

Question 45

Reproduction

Answer 45

The production of offspring

Question 46

Simple sugars

Answer 46

Monosaccharides made of single sugar molecules. Ex fructose, galactose, glucose

Question 47

Synthesis

Answer 47

The act of combining elements to form something new

Question 48

Tissue

Answer 48

A group of cells that possess a similar structure and perform a specific function