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History The Develpoment Of The USA 1929-2000 > Topic 6 Cold War Rivalry > Flashcards

Topic 6 Cold War Rivalry Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Cold War?

A

State of hostility between USA and USSR

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2
Q

What were the 2 conferences where the allies and USSR agreed what to do after ww2?

A

Yalta
Potsdam

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3
Q

What did the allies agree on at the yalta conference?

A

Germany and Berlin would be split into 4 zones of occupation, allies and USSR controlling each zone

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4
Q

How did Truman show his distrust and dislike for Stalin?

A

Only informed him about development of atomic bomb eleven days before dropped

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5
Q

What did Stalin want after occupying large parts of Eastern Europe after ww2?

A

Impose communist style governments upon six satellite states (including Poland)

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6
Q

What was Stalin showing no signs of allowing in the Potsdam conference?

A

Free elections in his zones

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7
Q

What were satellite states?

A

Countries under domination of foreign power

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8
Q

What was the policy of containment?

A

Using us influence and military resources to prevent expansion of communism into non-communist countries

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9
Q

What was Marshall Aid?

A

US programme of financial and economic aid given to Europe after end of ww2

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10
Q

Why did Truman use Marshall aid?

A

Believed countries with strong economy could repel communism

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11
Q

What was the domino theory?

A

Belief that if one country fell to communism other countries would follow

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12
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A
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13
Q

What was trizonia?

A

American, British and French zones merged to form West Germany

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14
Q

What 2 things did the Western allies decide in 1948?

A

Set up West German Assembly and West German Constitution
Introduce new currency of West Germany

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15
Q

Why was Stalin worried about West Berlin?

A

would become wealthy capitalist base within communist Eastern Europe

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16
Q

What was the Berlin blockade?

A

Soviet troops cut off all links (road, rail, canal) between West Berlin and West Germany

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17
Q

What did Stalin hope would happen as a result of the Berlin blockade?

A

West Germany forced to give control of West Berlin to USSR

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18
Q

What were flashpoints?

A

Highest points of tension between USSR and America in Cold War

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19
Q

What was the Berlin airlift?

A

West organised airlift to fly in supplies to West Berlin

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20
Q

How long did the Berlin airlift last?

A

10 months

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21
Q

Why was the Berlin blockade/airlift a successful flashpoint for the USA?

A

Stalin gave in and re opened all routes to West Berlin, showed USA committed to policy of containment

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22
Q

What was NATO 1949?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, military alliance against communism

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23
Q

Who were members of NATO?

A

USA and other western powers

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24
Q

What was the Warsaw pact 1955?

A

Military alliance against NATO set up by USSR

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25
Who was the **US backed Cuban dictator Batista overthrown by in 1959**?
**Fidel Castro**
26
What did **Fidel Castro do in Cuba**?
**Set up new communist gov, ejected all us businesses and investment**
27
How did the **USA retaliate to Fidel Castro ejecting all us businesses**?
**Refused to buy Cubas biggest export- sugar**
28
Who **offered to buy Cubas sugar when the USA refused**?
**USSR, strengthened relations with Cuba**
29
What did **President Kennedy agree to in April 1961**?
**US secret invasion of Cuba at bay of pigs**
30
Why was the **bay of pigs a great humiliation for JFK**?
**Disaster**
31
What did **Soviet leader Khrushchev want to establish in Cuba** as he was **concerned about US missile bases in Italy and Turkey**?
**Soviet missile bases in Cuba**
32
Who did **Fidel Castro and Cuba become an ally of**?
**Khrushchev and USSR**
33
In what **2 countries where US missile bases located**?
**Italy and Turkey**
34
What did an **American U2 spy plane do on 14 October 1962**?
**Took photos of missile launch sites being constructed on Cuba**
35
What happened on the **20 October** in the **Cuban Missile Crisis**?
**Kennedy imposed naval blockade around Cuba**
36
What happened on **25 October** in the **Cuban Missile Crisis**?
**Kennedy wrote to Khrushchev ask him to withdraw soviet missiles from Cuba**
37
What happened on **26 October** in the **Cuban Missile crisis**?
**Khrushchev replied** saying he’d **remove missiles** if **USA withdrew missiles from Turkey** and **didn’t invade Cuba**
38
What happened on **27 October** in **Cuban Missile Crisis**?
**USA agreed to withdraw missiles from Turkey** if **deal kept secret**
39
What happened on **28 October** in **Cuban Missile crisis**?
**Khrushchev agreed to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba**
40
What were **4 consequences** of the **Cuban Missile Crisis**?
**Kennedy technically won** **Brinkmanship** **Telephone hotline installed between gov headquarters** **Test ban treaty**
41
What was the **test ban treaty**?
**Banned nuclear weapons testing**
42
What was **brinkmanship**?
**Pushing world to brink of nuclear war**
43
Who was **Ho Chi Minh**?
**Leader of communists in north Vietnam**
44
Who was **Diem**?
**non-communist Leader of south Vietnam**
45
What did the **USA fear would happen to south Vietnam**?
**Communism take over, domino theory- spread to Laos and Cambodia**
46
What were the **3 reasons** the **USA got involved in Vietnam**?
**Contain communism** **Defend democracy** **Extend US influence in Asia**
47
Who did **Diem have support from**?
**USA**
48
Who were the **USA and Diems army fighting against**?
**Vietcong**
49
Who were the **Vietcong**?
**Communist guerrilla force attempted to overthrow south Vietnamese gov**
50
What were **3 US tactics in Vietnam**?
**Operation rolling thunder** **Chemical warfare** **’Search and destroy’**
51
What was **operation rolling thunder**?
**Intense bombing campaign** of **North Vietnam** with **aim of destroying Vietcong supply routes to south**
52
How **long did operation rolling thunder last**?
**3.5 years**
53
What were **2 types of chemical warfare used in Vietnam**?
**Napalm** **Agent orange**
54
What was **agent orange**?
**Chemical defoliant** used to **destroy jungle, burns skin**
55
What was **napalm**?
**Burning jelly, sticks to skin, could burn to bone**
56
What was **’search and destroy’**?
**USA used helicopters** to **drop troops near villages suspected of assisting Vietcong**
57
Why did **search and destroy make US forces unpopular**?
**Search villages then set alight, innocent villages often destroyed**
58
What were **3 weaknesses** of the **USA in Vietnam**?
**Inexperienced US troops** **Growing opposition at home** **Tet Offensive**
59
Why was there **growing opposition at home (USA) in Vietnam**?
**High death rates, TV coverage, war atrocities**
60
What was the **Tet Offensive**?
**Vietcong attacked 100 cities/towns across south Vietnam, turning point- USA losing**
61
What were **3 strengths** of the **Vietcong**?
**Effective guerrilla tactics** **Fighting for cause** **Supplied weapons from USSR and china**
62
What were **2 guerrilla tactics**?
**Sabotage/ambush** **Network of underground tunnels**
63
What was **vietnamisation**?
**Process of withdrawing US troops from Vietnam**
64
Who **ordered the policy of Vietnamisation**?
**Nixon**

History The Develpoment Of The USA 1929-2000 (7 decks)

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