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History The Develpoment Of The USA 1929-2000 > Topic 3 Civil Rights > Flashcards

Topic 3 Civil Rights Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Jim crow army?

A

Black Americans enlisted, had to fight in segregated units

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2
Q

What were black soldiers not allowed to combat in before 1944?

A

Marines

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3
Q

What was the Tuskegee airmen?

A

All black American fighter group

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4
Q

How many black pilots were there by the end of the war?

A

1000

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5
Q

What did President Truman ban in 1948 due to the contributions of black Americans in the war effort?

A

’Separate but equal’ recruiting, training, service in army

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6
Q

What did Roosevelt set up that banned discrimination against black Americans in factories producing war goods?

A

Fair employment practices committee

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7
Q

What was the NAACP?

A

Organisation set up to campaign for civil rights

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8
Q

What did the ’double V’ campaign set up by black Americans mean?

A

Victory over fascism abroad and victory over discrimination at home

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9
Q

By 1944, how many black Americans were working in war factories?

A

Nearly 2 million

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10
Q

What did Oliver Brown want for his daughter Linda Brown (Brown v Topeka)?

A

Attend neighbourhood white school rather than black school further away

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11
Q

What did Oliver Brown with the help of NAACP do (Brown v Topeka)?

A

Took case to supreme court

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12
Q

What did the Supreme Court rule (Brown v Topeka)?

A

Racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional

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13
Q

Who was Orval Faubus?

A

Governor of Arkansas

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14
Q

What did Orval Faubus do (Little Rock nine)?

A

Surrounded Little Rock central high school with national guardsmen to prevent 9 entering

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15
Q

What did President Eisenhower do (Little Rock nine)?

A

Sent 1000 federal troops and each student assigned personal guard

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16
Q

How many of the Little Rock nine graduated?

A

8

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17
Q

By 1964 how many African-American children attended multi-racial schools in southern states?

A

Fewer than 2%

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18
Q

What federal court decision did the Supreme Court uphold (James Meredith)?

A

Force Mississippi Uni to accept James Meredith

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19
Q

How many troops did JFK have to send to restore order after riots broke out (James Meredith)?

A

2000

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20
Q

How many soldiers had to remain on Mississippi Uni campus to protect Meredith until he graduated?

A

300

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21
Q

Which group did local civil rights activists set up that organised the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A

Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)

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22
Q

Who was leader of the MIA (Montgomery Improvement Association)?

A

MLK

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23
Q

What was the ruling of the Supreme Court (Montgomery Bus Boycott)?

A

Montgomerys bus laws were illegal

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24
Q

Which event is considered to mark the beginning of the civil rights movement?

A

Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-56

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25
Q

What were the freedom rides?

A

Campaigners rode on interstate buses to check segregation on buses ended

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26
Q

What was CORE?

A

Congress of racial equality, campaign for black civil rights

27
Q

When were the freedom rides?

A

1961

28
Q

Where did the freedom rides begin at?

A

Washington DC, plan travel to New Orleans

29
Q

What happened to the freedom riders in Anniston, Alabama?

A

Bus attacked and burned

30
Q

What happened to the freedom riders in Birmingham?

A

Attacked by angry white mob with no police protection

31
Q

What happened to the freedom riders in Jackson, Mississippi?

A

27 jailed for 67 days for sitting in white only section bus station

32
Q

What did the Interstate Commerce Committee order (freedom rides)?

A

Desegregation of all bus and train stations

33
Q

What was the SCLC?

A

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, formed and led by MLK

34
Q

When was MLK awarded the Nobel peace prize?

A

1964

35
Q

When was the Birmingham March?

A

March 1963

36
Q

Why did Birmingham, Alabama become the focus of civil rights protesters?

A

Authorities done nothing to desegregate facilities and half population was black Americans

37
Q

What did the protestors face at the Birmingham March?

A

Water canons
Police dogs

38
Q

What happened to MLK at the Birmingham March?

A

Arrested and sent to jail

39
Q

How was the Birmingham March resolved?

A

JFK sent troops and Birmingham forced to de segregate

40
Q

When was the March on Washington?

A

August 1963

41
Q

How many people gathered to hear MLK deliver his ‘I have a dream speech’ on the steps of Lincoln Memorial?

A

250,000

42
Q

What did the March on Washington put pressure on JFK to do?

A

Pass civil rights bill

43
Q

When was the March on Selma?

A

March 1965

44
Q

Why did protestors March on Selma?

A

Demand equal voting rights

45
Q

What did the protestors face on the March on Selma?

A

Attacked by police and state troopers with dogs, whips and tear gas

46
Q

What was Bloody Sunday?

A

protestors attacked on March on Selma, shown around the world

47
Q

What did the March on Selma result in?

A

Passing Voting Rights Act

48
Q

What happened to MLK in April 1968?

A

Assassinated in Memphis by white racist James Earl Ray

49
Q

What was the Nation of Islam?

A

Sought separatism and rejected slave surnames, used ‘x’

50
Q

What did Malcolm X believe?

A

Rejected Kings peaceful methods and believed violence was justified to secure separate black nation

51
Q

Who did Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam mostly attract support from?

A

Young black Americans

52
Q

Why did Malcolm X attract support?

A

Excellent public speaker

53
Q

What were 2 things Malcolm X did?

A

Encouraged self-esteem of black Americans
Set up educational programmes in ghettos

54
Q

Why did the black power movement emerge?

A

anger and frustration expressed by young black Americans over high unemployment and poverty

55
Q

Who was the black power movements leading spokesperson?

A

Stokely Carmichael

56
Q

What was the SNCC?

A

Student non-violent coordinating committee

57
Q

Who became chairman of the SNCC (student non violent coordinating committee) in 1966?

A

Stokely Carmichael

58
Q

What was the Black Power Movement slogan?

A

’Black is beautiful’

59
Q

What did Stokely Carmichael want black Americans to have?

A

Pride in their heritage

60
Q

Which group did Carmichael join in 1968, after leaving the SNCC?

A

Black Panthers

61
Q

Who formed the black panthers in 1968?

A

Bobby Seale and Huey Newton

62
Q

Who were the black panthers?

A

Members wore uniforms, prepared to use force to achieve aim of socialist society

63
Q

Why did the black power movement gain international publicity in the 1968 Mexico City Olympics?

A

Two black athletes and members of black panthers wore single black glove and gave clenched fist salute in medal ceremony

History The Develpoment Of The USA 1929-2000 (7 decks)

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