Topic 1 Economic Downturn and recovery Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
When did theWall Street Crash happen?
A
October 1929
2
Q
How many people were unemployed at the end of 1929?
A
2.5 million
3
Q
How many people were unemployed by 1932?
A
12 million
4
Q
Why did businesses and factories collapse after the Wall Street Crash?
A
people stopped spending
5
Q
What was a hobo?
A
an unemployed wanderer searching for work
6
Q
Why were people forced to live in Hoovervilles?
A
many could not pay rent and lost their homes
7
Q
What were Hoovervilles?
A
shanty towns on the edges of towns/cities by unemployed (named after President Hoover)
8
Q
What were homes in Hoovervilles like?
A
- made from cardboard, tin and wood
- no running water/sewage system
9
Q
Who were bonus marchers?
A
men who fought in ww1 who had been promised a bonus
10
Q
How many bonus marchers marched in Washington DC to get early payment?
A
over 12,000
11
Q
How did Hoover try to get rid of the bonus marchers?
A
sent the army
12
Q
How many bonus marchers were injured/killed?
A
- over 100 injured
- a baby was killed
13
Q
What happened to farmers after the Wall Street Crash?
A
- farmers couldn’t sell produce and went bankrupt
- many became hobos
14
Q
What happened in 1931 in the countryside?
A
- there was a drought and the soil turned to dust
- dust storms created a ‘dust bowl’
15
Q
What happened to the number of marriages and the birth rate during the Great Depression?
A
they fell
16
Q
What happened to the number of suicides during the Great Depression?
A
sharp rise
17
Q
What was the idea of Rugged individualism?
A
- individuals were responsible for their own lives
- should not expect help from government
18
Q
What was the idea of balancing the budget?
A
making sure the government doesn’t spend more money than it gets from taxes
19
Q
What were 3 reasons Herbert Hoover was unpopular during the Great Depression?
A
- he believed in Rugged individualism
- he believed in balancing the budget and refused to borrow money to help create jobs
- he sent troops to remove bonus army
20
Q
What was the policy of Laissez faire?
A
govt should not interfere in what businesses were doing
21
Q
What were Relief agencies?
A
Organisations set up to help poor and unemployed
22
Q
When was Hoovers Reconstruction Finance Cooperation Act passed?
A
January 1932
23
Q
What did Hoovers Reconstruction Finance Cooperation do?
A
gave $2 billion of federal aid to struggling banks, insurance companies and railways
24
Q
When was Hoovers Home Loan Bank Act passed?
A
July 1932
25
What did **Hoovers Home Loan Bank Act do**?
**set up 12 regional banks** to **stimulate house building** and **home ownership**
26
When was **Hoovers Emergency Relief Act passed**?
**July 1932**
27
What did the **Emergency Relief Act do**?
**gave $300 million** to **state governments** to **help unemployed**
28
What was the **result** of the **1932 presidential election**?
**Democrat Franklin D Roosevelt** won a **landslide victory**
29
How many **states** did **Roosevelt win** in the **1932 presidential election**?
**42** out of 48
30
What were **4 reasons Hoover** was **unpopular** during **1932 presidential election**?
- **Republicans blamed** for **Great Depression**
- **harsh treatment** of **bonus marchers**
- **relief schemes** were **too small**and **too late**
- **Hoover offered nothing new**
31
What were **4 reasons Roosevelt** was **appealing** during **1932 presidential election**?
- **created mood** of **optimism**
- **simple message**
- **promised** a **'new deal'**
- **overcome effects** of **polio** to become **successful politician**
32
What was **Roosevelts new deal based on**?
**'3 rs'** - **Relief, Recovery** and **Reform**
33
When did **Roosevelt take office** as **President** and begin to **implement** the **New Deal**?
**January 1933**
34
What did **Relief stand for**?
**spend money** to **relieve hunger** and **get unemployed back to work**
35
What did **Recovery stand for**?
**support businesses** and **solve problems with banks**
36
What did **Reform stand for**?
**create welfare system** to **support people** and make sure **banks** and **businesses** did not get into **trouble again**
37
What were **Alphabet Agencies**?
**nickname** given to **group of organisations set up** as part of the **New Deal**
38
What did the **first New Deal focus on**?
**relief** and **recovery**
39
What was the **Emergency Banking Act**?
**govt closed all banks** for **10 days** and **supported 5000 banks**
40
What did **Roosevelt reassure people of** as part of the **Emergency Banking Act**?
that their **money** was **safe in banks**
41
What was the **Federal Emergency Relief Administration**?
given **$500 million** to **provide food, clothing** and **housing** for the **poor**
42
What was the **Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)**?
-**provided 6 months work** for **men aged 18-25** on **environmental projects** eg planting trees
43
How **many men** were **given work** by the **Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)** by **1940**?
around **2 million**
44
What was the **Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)**?
**Farmers** were **paid** to **destroy some crops** and **livestock** to **force up prices**
45
What was the **impact** of the **Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)**?
**farmers earned one and a half times as much** in **1936** as they had in **1933**
46
When did **Roosevelt introduce** his **second New Deal**?
**1935**
47
What were **fireside chats**?
**evening radio addresses** given by **Roosevelt**
48
Why were **fireside chats important**?
**Roosevelt communicated his policies** with the **American people**
49
What did the **second New Deal focus on**?
**welfare** and **rights of workers (Reform)**
50
What were **3 alphabet agencies** under the **first New Deal**?
- **Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)**
- **Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)**
- **Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)**
51
What was the **Works Progress Administration (WPA)(second new deal)**?
**oversaw job creation schemes** - **public building projects** including **roads, harbours** and **airports**
52
What was the **National Labour Relations Act also known as**?
the **Wagner Act**
53
What was the **National Relations Labour Act (second new deal)**?
- allowed **workers** to **join trade unions**
- **gave protection** against **unfair treatment** by **employers**
54
What was the **Fair Labour Standards Act (second new deal)**?
- **enforced employment laws** such as **minimum wage**
- **300,000 workers** secured **higher wages**
- **1 million** had a **shorter working week**
55
What was the **Social Security Act (second new deal)**?
**provided benefits** for **elderly, disabled, unemployed, widows** and **orphans**
56
What were the **4 legislations/agency** under the **second New Deal**?
- **Works Progress Administration (WPA)**
- **Wagner Act**
- **Fair Labour Standards Act**
- **Social Security Act**
57
How **many people** were **employed** in the **CCC** as a **result** of the **new deal**?
**2.5 million**
58
How did the **new deal impact** the **US banking system**?
**stabilised it**- **restored confidence** in **people** to **borrow** and **save money**
59
What **impact** did the **New Deal creating** a **semi-welfare state** have?
- **provided pensions** for **elderly**
- **better financial aid** for **sick, disabled** and **unemployed**
60
How did the **New Deal discriminate against black people**?
either got **no work** or received **lower wages**
61
Who was **Huey Long**?
**Governor of Louisiana**
62
How did **Huey Long, Governor of Louisiana criticise** the **New Deal**?
- believed it did **not share out** the **nations wealth fairly**
- **proposed 'Share Our Wealth' campaign**
63
How did **Father Charles Coughlin criticise** the **New Deal**?
- for **not doing enough** to **help the needy**
- **held weekly radio broadcasts**
64
How **many listeners** did **Father Charles Coughlins weekly radio broadcasts attract**?
**over 40 million**
65
How **many listeners** did **Father Charles Coughlins weekly radio broadcasts attract**?
**over 40 million**
66
How did **Dr Francis Townsend criticise** the **New Deal**?
argued it did **not do enough** to **help old people**
67
How did **Dr Francis Townsend criticise** the **New Deal**?
argued it did **not do enough** to **help old people**
68
What did **Dr Francis Townsend propose** to **help old people**?
**$200 pension** a **month** for **over 60s**
69
Which **3 individuals believed** the **New Deal wasn't doing enough**?
- **Huey Long**
- **Father Charles Coughlin**
- **Dr Francis Townsend**
70
How did **Republicans criticise** the **New Deal**?
argued **Roosevelt** was **giving federal government too much power**
71
What were **4 critisms** of **people who believed** the **New Deal had gone too far**?
- **trade unions** given **too much power**
- **new welfare measures** **encourage people** to **live off the state**
- **role of government** had **been changed**
- **too much government interference** in **businesses**
72
What did the **Supreme Court rule** about the **NRA** and **AAA**?
they were **unconstitutional** and **Roosevelt** had **claimed federal powers he did not have**
