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History The Develpoment Of The USA 1929-2000 > Topic 1 Economic Downturn and recovery > Flashcards

Topic 1 Economic Downturn and recovery Flashcards

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1
Q

When did theWall Street Crash happen?

A

October 1929

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2
Q

How many people were unemployed at the end of 1929?

A

2.5 million

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3
Q

How many people were unemployed by 1932?

A

12 million

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4
Q

Why did businesses and factories collapse after the Wall Street Crash?

A

people stopped spending

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5
Q

What was a hobo?

A

an unemployed wanderer searching for work

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6
Q

Why were people forced to live in Hoovervilles?

A

many could not pay rent and lost their homes

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7
Q

What were Hoovervilles?

A

shanty towns on the edges of towns/cities by unemployed (named after President Hoover)

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8
Q

What were homes in Hoovervilles like?

A
  • made from cardboard, tin and wood
  • no running water/sewage system
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9
Q

Who were bonus marchers?

A

men who fought in ww1 who had been promised a bonus

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10
Q

How many bonus marchers marched in Washington DC to get early payment?

A

over 12,000

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11
Q

How did Hoover try to get rid of the bonus marchers?

A

sent the army

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12
Q

How many bonus marchers were injured/killed?

A
  • over 100 injured
  • a baby was killed
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13
Q

What happened to farmers after the Wall Street Crash?

A
  • farmers couldn’t sell produce and went bankrupt
  • many became hobos
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14
Q

What happened in 1931 in the countryside?

A
  • there was a drought and the soil turned to dust
  • dust storms created a ‘dust bowl’
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15
Q

What did the unemployed rely on during the Great Depression?

A

charity

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16
Q

What happened to the number of marriages and the birth rate during the Great Depression?

A

they fell

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17
Q

What happened to the number of suicides during the Great Depression?

A

sharp rise

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18
Q

Who was President when the Wall Street Crashed?

A

Herbert Hoover (a republican)

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19
Q

What was the idea of Rugged individualism?

A
  • individuals were responsible for their own lives
  • should not expect help from government
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20
Q

What was the idea of balancing the budget?

A

making sure the government doesn’t spend more money than it gets from taxes

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21
Q

What were 3 reasons Herbert Hoover was unpopular during the Great Depression?

A
  • he believed in Rugged individualism
  • he believed in balancing the budget and refused to borrow money to help create jobs
  • he sent troops to remove bonus army
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22
Q

What was Hoovers 1929 Agricultural Marketing Act?

A

government bought up any produce farmers couldn’t sell in order to keep farm produce prices high

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23
Q

Why was Hoovers 1929 Agricultural Marketing Act unsuccessful?

A

encouraged farmers to overproduce - price of farm produce fell

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24
Q

What was Hoovers 1930 Hawley-Smooth Tariff Act?

A

increased import tax on foreign goods - intended to make foreign goods more expensive than american-made

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25
Q

Why was Hoovers 1930 Hawley-Smooth Tariff Act unsuccessful?

A

nations refused to trade with USA

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26
Q

What was the policy of Laissez faire?

A

govt should not interfere in what businesses were doing

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27
Q

What was the policy of Laissez faire?

A

govt should not interfere in what businesses were doing

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28
Q

Who was Herbert Hoover?

A

Republican President from 1928-1932

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29
Q

What were Relief agencies?

A

Organisations set up to help poor and unemployed

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30
Q

When was Hoovers Reconstruction Finance Cooperation Act passed?

A

January 1932

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31
Q

What did the Reconstruction Finance Cooperation do?

A

gave $2 billion of federal aid to struggling banks, insurance companies and railways

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32
Q

When was Hoovers Home Loan Bank Act passed?

A

July 1932

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33
Q

What did the Home Loan Bank Act do?

A

set up 12 regional banks to stimulate house building and home ownership

34
Q

When was Hoovers Emergency Relief Act passed?

A

July 1932

35
Q

What did the Emergency Relief Act do?

A

gave $300 million to state governments to help unemployed

36
Q

What was the result of the 1932 presidential election?

A

Democrat Franklin D Roosevelt won a landslide victory

37
Q

How many states did Roosevelt win in the 1932 presidential election?

A

42 out of 48

38
Q

What were 4 reasons Hoover was unpopular during 1932 presidential election?

A
  • Republicans blamed for Great Depression
  • harsh treatment of bonus marchers
  • relief schemes were too smalland too late
  • Hoover offered nothing new
39
Q

What were 4 reasons Roosevelt was appealing during 1932 presidential election?

A
  • created mood of optimism
  • simple message
  • promised a ‘new deal’
  • overcome effects of polio to become successful politician
40
Q

What was Roosevelts new deal based on?

A

‘3 rs’ - Relief, Recovery and Reform

41
Q

When did Roosevelt take office as President and begin to implement the New Deal?

A

January 1933

42
Q

What did Relief stand for?

A

spend money to relieve hunger and get unemployed back to work

43
Q

What did Recovery stand for?

A

support businesses and solve problems with banks

44
Q

What did Reform stand for?

A

create welfare system to support people and make sure banks and businesses did not get into trouble again

45
Q

What were Alphabet Agencies?

A

nickname given to group of organisations set up as part of the New Deal

46
Q

What did the first New Deal focus on?

A

relief and recovery

47
Q

What was the Emergency Banking Act?

A

govt closed all banks for 10 days and supported 5000 banks

48
Q

What did Roosevelt reassure people of as part of the Emergency Banking Act?

A

that their money was safe in banks

49
Q

What was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration?

A

given $500 million to provide food, clothing and housing for the poor

50
Q

What was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?

A

-provided 6 months work for men aged 18-25 on environmental projects eg planting trees

51
Q

How many men were given work by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) by 1940?

A

around 2 million

52
Q

What was the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)?

A

Farmers were paid to destroy some crops and livestock to force up prices

53
Q

What was the impact of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)?

A

farmers earned one and a half times as much in 1936 as they had in 1933

54
Q

When did Roosevelt introduce his second New Deal?

A

1935

55
Q

What were fireside chats?

A

evening radio addresses given by Roosevelt

56
Q

Why were fireside chats important?

A

Roosevelt communicated his policies with the American people

57
Q

What did the second New Deal focus on?

A

welfare and rights of workers (Reform)

58
Q

What were 3 alphabet agencies under the first New Deal?

A
  • Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
  • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
  • Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
59
Q

What was the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?

A

oversaw job creation schemes - public building projects including roads, harbours and airports

60
Q

What was the National Labour Relations Act also known as?

A

the Wagner Act

61
Q

What was the National Relations Labour Act?

A
  • allowed workers to join trade unions
  • gave protection against unfair treatment by employers
62
Q

What was the Fair Labour Standards Act?

A
  • enforced employment laws such as minimum wage
  • 300,000 workers secured higher wages
  • 1 million had a shorter working week
63
Q

What was the Social Security Act?

A

provided benefits for elderly, disabled, unemployed, widows and orphans

64
Q

What were the 4 legislations/agency under the second New Deal?

A
  • Works Progress Administration (WPA)
  • Wagner Act
  • Fair Labour Standards Act
  • Social Security Act
65
Q

How many people were employed in the CCC as a result of the new deal?

A

2.5 million

66
Q

How did the new deal impact the US banking system?

A

stabilised it- restored confidence in people to borrow and save money

67
Q

What impact did the New Deal creating a semi-welfare state have?

A
  • provided pensions for elderly
  • better financial aid for sick, disabled and unemployed
68
Q

How did the New Deal discriminate against black people?

A

either got no work or received lower wages

69
Q

Who was Huey Long?

A

Governor of Louisiana

70
Q

How did Huey Long, Governor of Louisiana criticise the New Deal?

A
  • believed it did not share out the nations wealth fairly
  • proposed ‘Share Our Wealth’ campaign
71
Q

How did Father Charles Coughlin criticise the New Deal?

A
  • for not doing enough to help the needy
  • held weekly radio broadcasts
72
Q

How many listeners did Father Charles Coughlins weekly radio broadcasts attract?

A

over 40 million

73
Q

How many listeners did Father Charles Coughlins weekly radio broadcasts attract?

A

over 40 million

74
Q

How did Dr Francis Townsend criticise the New Deal?

A

argued it did not do enough to help old people

75
Q

How did Dr Francis Townsend criticise the New Deal?

A

argued it did not do enough to help old people

76
Q

What did Dr Francis Townsend propose to help old people?

A

$200 pension a month for over 60s

77
Q

Which 3 individuals believed the New Deal wasn’t doing enough?

A
  • Huey Long
  • Father Charles Coughlin
  • Dr Francis Townsend
78
Q

How did Republicans criticise the New Deal?

A

argued Roosevelt was giving federal government too much power

79
Q

What were 4 critisms of people who believed the New Deal had gone too far?

A
  • trade unions given too much power
  • new welfare measures encourage people to live off the state
  • role of government had been changed
  • too much government interference in businesses
80
Q

What did the Supreme Court rule about the NRA and AAA?

A

they were unconstitutional and Roosevelt had claimed federal powers he did not have

History The Develpoment Of The USA 1929-2000 (7 decks)

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