Topic 6 - Animal Housing and Nutrition Flashcards
Within housing, animals must have room to:
lie down
turn around
stand
The average enviro conditions for species
12 hours light/12 hours dark 20-22˚C 15 air changes per hour 55% relative humidity low level noise
When housing animals, considerations include
safe, non toxic materials
escape & weather proof
appropriate stocking rate
compatible grouping
Animals require a diet that is…
complete and balanced
palatible, desirable
easy to ingest, digest & absorb
What are the considerations when constructing a feeding plan?
Individual animal life stage age gender species breed health status weight/body condition food availability & cost weather conditions natural feeding times
Describe carnivores
monogastric (simple digestive tract)
eat meat/invertebrates
eat infrequently, w/ large quantity eaten at one time
Describe herbivores
hind gut fermenters or ruminants
complex digestive tracts to allow plant fibre to ferment & breakdown into usable nutrients
eat only plant material
need to eat several times throughout the day
Process of eating involves…?
prehension=>ingestion=>digestion & fermentation=>absorption=>excretion
Name the four kinds of teeth
Incisors: for cutting food
Canines: for catching and holding prey
Premolars & molars: for grinding & crushing food
Know basic anatomy (look at dog diagram in notes)
Mouth Pharynx Oesophagus stomach liver bile duct duodenum pancreas caecum ascending/descending colon rectum anal canal
Function of the small intestine?
major site for digestion & reabsorption; comprised of duodenum, jejunum & ilium
Function of the pancreas?
supplies digestive enzymes to duodenum (amylase, lipase, trypsin); manufactures insulin
Function of the liver?
produces biles; converts absorbed nutrients into molecules able to be used by body; detoxifies; blood clotting & immune sys proteins
Function of the large intestine?
Major site of water absorption; comprises of caecum, colon, rectum & anus
Avian digestion. Birds have two stomachs -explain?
Proventriculus (normal), gizzard (grinding). Have crop for storing food, twin caecae & single opening (cloaca) for digestive, repro & urinary tracts
Name the 6 essential nutrients to animals and why the are needed
Proteins -source of energy, tissue repair & rebuilding
CHD -energy
Lipids -concentrated energy
Vitamins -growth, tissue repair, digestion
Minerals -bones, muscle function, blood
Water -metabolism, temp, body fluid, electrolyte balance
Amount of energy required by an animal depends on….?
Energy requirement is measured as a factor of the….? Which is…? and is measured in….?
depends on….? metabolic rate, amount of exercise, pregnancy, disease etc
measured as a factor of the….? maintenance energy requirement (MER)
Which is…? amount of energy required to maintain health & BW of average adult animal
and is measured in….? kilocalories per day
Dietary requirements of dogs?
Can be fed meat, veggies, rice, CHD though must be supplemented w/ vitamins & minerals
Dietary requirements of cats?
Obligate carnivores; high protein high fat diet. Cannot be fed veggies
What is a behaviour problem?
one that stems from a mental issue, which needs to be treated by a veterinary behaviouralist
What are the four aims of behavioural enrichment?
- to preserve and conserve natural behaviour
- to eliminate or reduce levels of stress, abnormal or stereotypic behaviour
- to increase behavioural diversity
- to increase animals activity levels
Enrichment records should include:
description of enrichment strategy or item date of implementation if undesirable behaviour is decreasing if strategy should be changed and why animals interest how much time spent w/ enrichment condition of item how long item is to be left w/ animal
Any novel stimulus which evokes an animal’s interest is called?
enrichment
Define animal welfare
the avoidance of exploitation of animals by man by maintaining appropriate standards of accom, feeding & general care, the prevention and treatment of disease & the assurance of freedom from harassment & unnecessary discomfort & pain
