Topic 6 - Animal Housing and Nutrition

Question 1

Within housing, animals must have room to:

Answer 1

lie down
turn around
stand

Question 2

The average enviro conditions for species

Answer 2

12 hours light/12 hours dark
20-22˚C
15 air changes per hour
55% relative humidity
low level noise

Question 3

When housing animals, considerations include

Answer 3

safe, non toxic materials
escape & weather proof
appropriate stocking rate
compatible grouping

Question 4

Animals require a diet that is…

Answer 4

complete and balanced
palatible, desirable
easy to ingest, digest & absorb

Question 5

What are the considerations when constructing a feeding plan?

Answer 5

Individual animal
life stage
age
gender
species
breed
health status
weight/body condition
food availability & cost
weather conditions
natural feeding times

Question 6

Describe carnivores

Answer 6

monogastric (simple digestive tract)
eat meat/invertebrates
eat infrequently, w/ large quantity eaten at one time

Question 7

Describe herbivores

Answer 7

hind gut fermenters or ruminants
complex digestive tracts to allow plant fibre to ferment & breakdown into usable nutrients
eat only plant material
need to eat several times throughout the day

Question 8

Process of eating involves…?

Answer 8

prehension=>ingestion=>digestion & fermentation=>absorption=>excretion

Question 9

Name the four kinds of teeth

Answer 9

Incisors: for cutting food
Canines: for catching and holding prey
Premolars & molars: for grinding & crushing food

Question 10

Know basic anatomy (look at dog diagram in notes)

Answer 10

Mouth
Pharynx
Oesophagus
stomach
liver
bile duct
duodenum
pancreas
caecum
ascending/descending colon
rectum
anal canal

Question 11

Function of the small intestine?

Answer 11

major site for digestion & reabsorption; comprised of duodenum, jejunum & ilium

Question 12

Function of the pancreas?

Answer 12

supplies digestive enzymes to duodenum (amylase, lipase, trypsin); manufactures insulin

Question 13

Function of the liver?

Answer 13

produces biles; converts absorbed nutrients into molecules able to be used by body; detoxifies; blood clotting & immune sys proteins

Question 14

Function of the large intestine?

Answer 14

Major site of water absorption; comprises of caecum, colon, rectum & anus

Question 15

Avian digestion. Birds have two stomachs -explain?

Answer 15

Proventriculus (normal), gizzard (grinding). Have crop for storing food, twin caecae & single opening (cloaca) for digestive, repro & urinary tracts

Question 16

Name the 6 essential nutrients to animals and why the are needed

Answer 16

Proteins -source of energy, tissue repair & rebuilding
CHD -energy
Lipids -concentrated energy
Vitamins -growth, tissue repair, digestion
Minerals -bones, muscle function, blood
Water -metabolism, temp, body fluid, electrolyte balance

Question 17

Amount of energy required by an animal depends on….?

Energy requirement is measured as a factor of the….? Which is…? and is measured in….?

Answer 17

depends on….? metabolic rate, amount of exercise, pregnancy, disease etc
measured as a factor of the….? maintenance energy requirement (MER)
Which is…? amount of energy required to maintain health & BW of average adult animal
and is measured in….? kilocalories per day

Question 18

Dietary requirements of dogs?

Answer 18

Can be fed meat, veggies, rice, CHD though must be supplemented w/ vitamins & minerals

Question 19

Dietary requirements of cats?

Answer 19

Obligate carnivores; high protein high fat diet. Cannot be fed veggies

Question 20

What is a behaviour problem?

Answer 20

one that stems from a mental issue, which needs to be treated by a veterinary behaviouralist

Question 21

What are the four aims of behavioural enrichment?

Answer 21

1. to preserve and conserve natural behaviour
2. to eliminate or reduce levels of stress, abnormal or stereotypic behaviour
3. to increase behavioural diversity
4. to increase animals activity levels

Question 22

Enrichment records should include:

Answer 22

description of enrichment strategy or item
date of implementation
if undesirable behaviour is decreasing
if strategy should be changed and why
animals interest
how much time spent w/ enrichment
condition of item
how long item is to be left w/ animal

Question 23

Any novel stimulus which evokes an animal’s interest is called?

Answer 23

enrichment

Question 24

Define animal welfare

Answer 24

the avoidance of exploitation of animals by man by maintaining appropriate standards of accom, feeding & general care, the prevention and treatment of disease & the assurance of freedom from harassment & unnecessary discomfort & pain