Topic 10 - Animal Treatments Flashcards
Why do we give animals medication?
To treat, control, prevent disease, minimise pain & restrain
Describe the different routes of administration
Topic
inhalation
enteric
parenteral injection
List the different kinds of parenteral injection
Intradermal (ID) Subcutaneous (SC) Intramuscular (IM) Intravenous (IV) Intraperitoneal (IP) Intracardiac (IC)
What factors must we consider when choosing route of medication?
nature of drug nature of disease size of animal/ability to handle volume required required time of med onset req. length of action speed of absorption
When administrating drugs using sharps you should always:
use a fresh, sharp needle restrain patient clip site if needed swab w/ 70% alcohol point bevel away from skin
List the two broad actions of drugs on the body
local effect
systemic effect
How are drugs metabolised in the body?
Dispersed through BS
reach certain [ ] evenly
carried around body till reaches target site => enters target cells
Drugs are continuously removed from circulation by..?
- liver
- kidneys
- breathed out (volatile drugs)
- storage in fatty tissue
Explain oral administration and list some positive and negatives
acts locally in GIT or systemically
A:
Explain ID administration and list some positive and negatives
ID allergen testing, forms bleb
A: sml amounts, local affect
D: techinically difficult, irritating
Explain SC administration and list some positive and negatives
under skin
A: simple,
Explain IM administration and list some positive and negatives
Deep into muscle tissue
A: increased absorption and drug [ ] in blood, prolonged duration of effect, good for difficult animals
D: avoid damage to nerve, sml V only, risk of abscess/tissue rxn
Explain IV administration and list some positive and negatives
venepuncture;
A: rapid admin, rapid > [ ] & systemic effect, lrg quantities over long periods, irritant drugs can go via
D: embolism, vital asepsis, technically difficult
Describe the size of needle and site of admin for venepuncture in cats
needle size: 21-23g
site: cephalic, jugular vein
Describe the size of needle and place of admin for venepuncture in dogs
needle size: 21-23g
site: cephalic, jugular, saphenous vein
Describe the size of needle and place of admin for venepuncture in horses
needle size: 18g
site: jugular
Describe the method of administration for IV injections
- safely restrain animal
- shave/swab site
- remove air from syringe
- raise vein
- insert needle w. bevel up
- draw back -check for blood
- release proximal compression, inject slowly
- when finished, draw needle quickly applying pressure to site for 1min
- check no haemorrhage has occurred
List the drug & poisons schedule
Schedule 2: pharmacy meds
3: pharmacist only meds
4: prescription only
5: caution
6: poison
7: dangerous poison
8: controlled drugs (drugs of addiction)
Describe analgesics
Drugs used to control pain
Opiods e.g. morphine, methadone, pethidine
=> cause inhibit release of pain neurotransmitters
=> DO NOT reduce inflamm
Describe NSAIDS (Non Steroidal Anti-Inflamm Drugs)
e.g. meloxicam, BUTE, aspirin
=> DO NOT ACT ON CNS
=> Reduce inflamm
=> act by interfering w/ prostaglandin production
=> inhibit COX1 & COX2
=> can cause GI distress, stomach bleeding, ulcers & altered platelet function
Describe steroidal anti-inflamm drugs
corticosteroids
reduce inflamm
suppress immune sys :: should never be administered w/ NSAIDS
Describe action of local anaethesia
block nerve impulse conduction
