Topic 10 - Animal Treatments

Question 1

Why do we give animals medication?

Answer 1

To treat, control, prevent disease, minimise pain & restrain

Question 2

Describe the different routes of administration

Answer 2

Topic
inhalation
enteric
parenteral injection

Question 3

List the different kinds of parenteral injection

Answer 3

Intradermal (ID)
Subcutaneous (SC)
Intramuscular (IM)
Intravenous (IV)
Intraperitoneal (IP)
Intracardiac (IC)

Question 4

What factors must we consider when choosing route of medication?

Answer 4

nature of drug
nature of disease
size of animal/ability to handle
volume required
required time of med onset
req. length of action
speed of absorption

Question 5

When administrating drugs using sharps you should always:

Answer 5

use a fresh, sharp needle
restrain patient
clip site if needed
swab w/ 70% alcohol
point bevel away from skin

Question 6

List the two broad actions of drugs on the body

Answer 6

local effect

systemic effect

Question 7

How are drugs metabolised in the body?

Answer 7

Dispersed through BS
reach certain [ ] evenly
carried around body till reaches target site => enters target cells

Question 8

Drugs are continuously removed from circulation by..?

Answer 8

1. liver
2. kidneys
3. breathed out (volatile drugs)
4. storage in fatty tissue

Question 9

Explain oral administration and list some positive and negatives

Answer 9

acts locally in GIT or systemically

A:

Question 10

Explain ID administration and list some positive and negatives

Answer 10

ID allergen testing, forms bleb
A: sml amounts, local affect
D: techinically difficult, irritating

Question 11

Explain SC administration and list some positive and negatives

Answer 11

under skin

A: simple,

Question 12

Explain IM administration and list some positive and negatives

Answer 12

Deep into muscle tissue
A: increased absorption and drug [ ] in blood, prolonged duration of effect, good for difficult animals
D: avoid damage to nerve, sml V only, risk of abscess/tissue rxn

Question 13

Explain IV administration and list some positive and negatives

Answer 13

venepuncture;
A: rapid admin, rapid > [ ] & systemic effect, lrg quantities over long periods, irritant drugs can go via
D: embolism, vital asepsis, technically difficult

Question 14

Describe the size of needle and site of admin for venepuncture in cats

Answer 14

needle size: 21-23g

site: cephalic, jugular vein

Question 15

Describe the size of needle and place of admin for venepuncture in dogs

Answer 15

needle size: 21-23g

site: cephalic, jugular, saphenous vein

Question 16

Describe the size of needle and place of admin for venepuncture in horses

Answer 16

needle size: 18g

site: jugular

Question 17

Describe the method of administration for IV injections

Answer 17

1. safely restrain animal
2. shave/swab site
3. remove air from syringe
4. raise vein
5. insert needle w. bevel up
6. draw back -check for blood
7. release proximal compression, inject slowly
8. when finished, draw needle quickly applying pressure to site for 1min
9. check no haemorrhage has occurred

Question 18

List the drug & poisons schedule

Answer 18

Schedule 2: pharmacy meds

3: pharmacist only meds
4: prescription only
5: caution
6: poison
7: dangerous poison
8: controlled drugs (drugs of addiction)

Question 19

Describe analgesics

Answer 19

Drugs used to control pain
Opiods e.g. morphine, methadone, pethidine
=> cause inhibit release of pain neurotransmitters
=> DO NOT reduce inflamm

Question 20

Describe NSAIDS (Non Steroidal Anti-Inflamm Drugs)

Answer 20

e.g. meloxicam, BUTE, aspirin
=> DO NOT ACT ON CNS
=> Reduce inflamm
=> act by interfering w/ prostaglandin production
=> inhibit COX1 & COX2
=> can cause GI distress, stomach bleeding, ulcers & altered platelet function

Question 21

Describe steroidal anti-inflamm drugs

Answer 21

corticosteroids
reduce inflamm
suppress immune sys :: should never be administered w/ NSAIDS

Question 22

Describe action of local anaethesia

Answer 22

block nerve impulse conduction