Topic 6 Flashcards
Declarative memory
Facts, events, knowledge about the world etc
recalled consciously
easily formed and easily forgotten
Non-declarative memory
Recalled unconsciously
things like how to form a specific skill
longer lasting
formed through repetition
Types of non-declarative memory
associative and non-associative learinng
Associative learning
When a stimulus triggers and outcome
the is an association between the two things
two types
classical conditioning and operative training
Pavlov’s experiment
unconditional stimuli - unconditional response
neutral stimuli + unconditional stimuli - unconditional response
conditional stimuli - conditional response
Conditional responses
Are not permanent
Operant conditioning
the second type of associated learning
when a person or animal learns that certain behaviours are rewards and certain behaviours are punished
the positive behaviours are more likely to be repeated and the negative ones are less likely to be repeated
Non-associated learning
The second type of Non-declarative memory
2 types
habituation and sentization
Habituation
When a person or animal becomes desensitised to a stimulus because the brain views it as non-threatening
i.e living next to train tracks
Sensitization
When a person develops an exaggerated response to a stimuli
usually happens when you have a traumatic experience
Memory consolidation
Turning short-term memories into long-term memories
sensory information - short-term memory - consolidation - long-term memory
engram
what memories are stored as
Hebbian Theorey
Neurons that fire together, wire together
synaptic connections between neurons are stronger when they are fired together
therefore when one cell fires it is easier to for the others to fire
cell assembly is all the connected neurons
Hebbain modification
repeated exposure to a stimuli strengthens the connects
Rhino Cortex
the circuit for remembering declarative memory
1- sensory informatin is processed in parietal, occiptial and prefrontal coretx
2- information travels through parahippocampus gyrus and rhino cortex
3 - sent to hippocampus
4- sent to thalamus and hypothalamus
Delayed Non-match to sample
The monkey experiment
tests declarative memory and recognition memory
bi-lateral leisons in the temporal lobe will affect this
Hippocampus
Helps encodes memories
specifically spatial memory
Place Cells
located in the hippocampus
involved in spatial navigation
help orientate you
Eight arm radial maze
Accesses hippocampus and declarative memory
variant 8 arm - access declarative memory and working memory
Morris water maze
access spatial memory and place cells
Procedural memory
type of non-declarative memory
essentially how you learn skills like riding a bike and driving
learnt through repetition
uses striatum (putamen and caudate nucleous)
to test suse the light up 8 arm tests
Working memory
different from short-term memory
When information is stored for a short period of time but you can manipulate and use this information to problem solve
Wisconsin Card sorting test
Accesses working memory
Striatum
Procedural memory
perirhinal cortex
consolidation of declarative memory
Inferotemporal cortex
Visual memory
Prefrontal cortex
working memory
Amnesia
The inability to remember or learn new things
serious memory loss
Absolute Amnesia
Complete loss of memory and inability to reme,ber
limited amnesia
associated with other neurological deficts
Dissociative Amnesia
not connected to any other neurological deficits
can still think clearly
associated with brain injury
retrograde amnesia
Cant remember
anterograde amneisa
cant learn or remember new info
Transient Global anmesia
temporary
caused by significant injury
sudden antegrade and retorgrade
will forever have no memory of the event
patents are disorientated and ask the same questions repeatdely
Wernicke’s encelphalopathy
Caused by alcohol abuse
thiamine deficiency
ocular disturbance
confusion
lack of corrdiantion
can turn into korsakoff syndrome
Korsaktoff syndrome
severe retorgrade and anterograde
no loss of intellectual ability but do make up stories
to diagnosis do the wisconsen card test
