Topic 6

Question 1

Declarative memory

Answer 1

Facts, events, knowledge about the world etc
recalled consciously
easily formed and easily forgotten

Question 2

Non-declarative memory

Answer 2

Recalled unconsciously
things like how to form a specific skill
longer lasting
formed through repetition

Question 3

Types of non-declarative memory

Answer 3

associative and non-associative learinng

Question 4

Associative learning

Answer 4

When a stimulus triggers and outcome
the is an association between the two things
two types
classical conditioning and operative training

Question 5

Pavlov’s experiment

Answer 5

unconditional stimuli - unconditional response
neutral stimuli + unconditional stimuli - unconditional response
conditional stimuli - conditional response

Question 6

Conditional responses

Answer 6

Are not permanent

Question 7

Operant conditioning

Answer 7

the second type of associated learning
when a person or animal learns that certain behaviours are rewards and certain behaviours are punished
the positive behaviours are more likely to be repeated and the negative ones are less likely to be repeated

Question 8

Non-associated learning

Answer 8

The second type of Non-declarative memory
2 types
habituation and sentization

Question 9

Habituation

Answer 9

When a person or animal becomes desensitised to a stimulus because the brain views it as non-threatening
i.e living next to train tracks

Question 10

Sensitization

Answer 10

When a person develops an exaggerated response to a stimuli
usually happens when you have a traumatic experience

Question 11

Memory consolidation

Answer 11

Turning short-term memories into long-term memories
sensory information - short-term memory - consolidation - long-term memory

Question 12

engram

Answer 12

what memories are stored as

Question 13

Hebbian Theorey

Answer 13

Neurons that fire together, wire together
synaptic connections between neurons are stronger when they are fired together
therefore when one cell fires it is easier to for the others to fire
cell assembly is all the connected neurons

Question 14

Hebbain modification

Answer 14

repeated exposure to a stimuli strengthens the connects

Question 15

Rhino Cortex

Answer 15

the circuit for remembering declarative memory
1- sensory informatin is processed in parietal, occiptial and prefrontal coretx
2- information travels through parahippocampus gyrus and rhino cortex
3 - sent to hippocampus
4- sent to thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 16

Delayed Non-match to sample

Answer 16

The monkey experiment
tests declarative memory and recognition memory
bi-lateral leisons in the temporal lobe will affect this

Question 17

Hippocampus

Answer 17

Helps encodes memories
specifically spatial memory

Question 18

Place Cells

Answer 18

located in the hippocampus
involved in spatial navigation
help orientate you

Question 19

Eight arm radial maze

Answer 19

Accesses hippocampus and declarative memory
variant 8 arm - access declarative memory and working memory

Question 20

Morris water maze

Answer 20

access spatial memory and place cells

Question 21

Procedural memory

Answer 21

type of non-declarative memory
essentially how you learn skills like riding a bike and driving
learnt through repetition
uses striatum (putamen and caudate nucleous)
to test suse the light up 8 arm tests

Question 22

Working memory

Answer 22

different from short-term memory
When information is stored for a short period of time but you can manipulate and use this information to problem solve

Question 23

Wisconsin Card sorting test

Answer 23

Accesses working memory

Question 24

Striatum

Answer 24

Procedural memory

Question 25

perirhinal cortex

Answer 25

consolidation of declarative memory

Question 26

Inferotemporal cortex

Answer 26

Visual memory

Question 27

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 27

working memory

Question 28

Amnesia

Answer 28

The inability to remember or learn new things
serious memory loss

Question 29

Absolute Amnesia

Answer 29

Complete loss of memory and inability to reme,ber

Question 30

limited amnesia

Answer 30

associated with other neurological deficts

Question 31

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 31

not connected to any other neurological deficits
can still think clearly
associated with brain injury

Question 32

retrograde amnesia

Answer 32

Cant remember

Question 33

anterograde amneisa

Answer 33

cant learn or remember new info

Question 34

Transient Global anmesia

Answer 34

temporary
caused by significant injury
sudden antegrade and retorgrade
will forever have no memory of the event
patents are disorientated and ask the same questions repeatdely

Question 35

Wernicke’s encelphalopathy

Answer 35

Caused by alcohol abuse
thiamine deficiency
ocular disturbance
confusion
lack of corrdiantion
can turn into korsakoff syndrome

Question 36

Korsaktoff syndrome

Answer 36

severe retorgrade and anterograde
no loss of intellectual ability but do make up stories
to diagnosis do the wisconsen card test