Topic 5

Question 1

Language defention

Answer 1

Spoken, written, non-verbal communication
inflection, body language, tone

Question 2

Language acquistion

Answer 2

The process of acquiring the capacity to perceive and comprehend language

Question 3

Stages of language acquistion

Answer 3

1- babbling (6 months - 8 months)
2 - one word (9 months to 1.5yrs)
3 - two words ( 1.5-2yrs)
4 - early multiwords (2-2.5yrs)
5 - later multiwords (2.5 onwards)

Question 4

Broca’s Area

Answer 4

In the left frontal lobe
articulates the speech
receives information from Weirnicke’s area and recodes it to send to the motor cortex

Question 5

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 5

Located in left posterior temporal gyrus
comprehends words and gives meaning to them

Question 6

Wernicke’s -geschwind model

Answer 6

Broca’s Area
Wernicke’s Area
Arcuate Fasiculus
Angular Gyrus

Question 7

Steps for a spoken word

Answer 7

1 - goes to primary auditory complex
2 - Wernicke’s Area
3 - Arcuate Fasiculus
4 - Broca’s Area
5 - motor cortex

Question 8

Steps for reading

Answer 8

1 - visual cortex
2- angular Gyrus
3 - wernicke’s area
4 - Arcuate Fasiculus
5 - broca’s area

Question 9

Angular Gyrus

Answer 9

recodes visual information into if it was spoken information
ie - something is read - recodes it into if it was said

Question 10

Issues with Wernicke’s model

Answer 10

Over simplified
doesn’t take into account any subcortical structures
Doesn’t take inot account compensation

Question 11

lateralisation of the brain

Answer 11

Language is only processed by one area of the brain - usually the left side

Question 12

Wada-test

Answer 12

Test to see which side of the brain is the dominant side
usually done before epileptic surgery
A barbiturate is injected into a carotid artery artery - temporarily anaesthetics one hemisphere
if injected in the left side and can no longer speak - the patient’s left side is dominant
Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are located on the predominant side of the brain

Question 13

Prosody

Answer 13

Damage to the non-dominant side
patient cant interpret or process emotional information in speech

Question 14

Responsibilities of non-dominant side

Answer 14

Reading, underdstanding numbers, intonation
CANT SPEAK

Question 15

Corpus Callostomy

Answer 15

When the corpus callostum is cut, seprating both sides of the brain
treats refractory epilepsy
If something is seen by the left eye - only the right side of the brain will see it
these people can’t name objects

Question 16

Speech disorders

Answer 16

Lisp, stutter, anything to do with the muscles associated with speaking

Question 17

Dysprosody

Answer 17

Changes to timing

Question 18

Dysarthia

Answer 18

Weakness or paralysis of speech

Question 19

Apaxia

Answer 19

Rearranging sounds in words

Question 20

Echolalia

Answer 20

Compulsively repeating words said to the them

Question 21

Anomia

Answer 21

Difficulty naming objects

Question 22

Agraphia

Answer 22

inability to write

Question 23

Alexia

Answer 23

inability to read

Question 24

Agnosia

Answer 24

inability to recognise common objects

Question 25

Non-fluent Aphaisa

Answer 25

Inability to speak but can usually comprehend
affects broca’s area

Question 26

Fluent aphasia

Answer 26

Can speak fluently but can’t comprehend

Question 27

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 27

Difficulty generating speech
comprehension is fine
damage to Broca’s area
Patient is aware of deficits
Can speak in telegraphic speech (using only contextual words)
have anomia (difficulty naming objects)

Question 28

Transcortical Motor Aphasia

Answer 28

Least common
caused by damage to areas surrounding broca’s, Wernicke’s and accurate fasciculus
watershed region
cuts the areas off from the rest of the brain
severe speaking and comprehension issues
can only repeat what is spoken to them
Are UNAWARE

Question 29

Global Aphasia

Answer 29

Associated with large lesions in parietal, temporal and frontal lobe
Lose all ability to speak and comprehend
CAN’T REPEAT WORDS

Question 30

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 30

Can talk but have very poor comprehension
paraphrasing errors
can’t repeat words said to them - because they have no idea what is being said to them
speech is mixed with actual words and gibberish
Are UNAWARE

Question 31

Transcortical sensory aphaisa

Answer 31

Caused by damage to parietal, temporal and occipital lobe
remember Wernicke’s area is close to the occipital lobe
symptoms are close to Wernicke’s aphasia except they CAN REPEAT and tend to have echolalia
ARE UNAWARE

Question 32

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 32

Caused by lesions on the Arcuate Facillucus
they have fluent speech and good comprehensino but they can’t repeat words spoken to them and cant name objects
are aware

Question 33

Anomic Aphaisa

Answer 33

Damage to the temporal lobe
can speak and comprehend fine
have trouble naming objects

Question 34

Pure Aphasia

Answer 34

Difficulties reading and writing