topic 5: water distribution system Flashcards
What are the 3 sources of water?
- rain water
- natural surface water
- ground water
____ is collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and stored in cisterns or ponds.
rain water
____ is obtained from ponds, lakes, and rivers.
natural surface water
____ is obtained from underground by means of mechanical & manual equipment.
ground water
From springs and wells and is the principal source of water for domestic use in most rural areas.
ground water
What are the 5 water quality problems?
- acidity
- hardness
- turbidity
- color
- pollution
Passing the water through a bed of crushed marble or limestone to achieve alkalinity, or adding sodium silicate.
acidity
Introduction of water softeners made up of Zeolite (a greenish granular material).
hardness
Filtration
turbidity
Precipitation by filtration through manganese zeolite (oxidizing filter).
color
Chlorination
pollution
____ is any method that will remove one or more materials that make the water unsuitable for a given use.
water purification
What are the 5 methods of water treatment and purification?
- aeration
- coagulation and precipitation
- filtration
- sedimentation
- chlorination
____ is spraying the water into the atmosphere through jets or passing it over rough surfaces to remove entrained noxious gases such as carbon diozide or hydrigen sulfide.
aeration
____ is the addition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and line, to the water which cause the larger suspended particles to form a gelatinous mass which precipitate readily.
coagulation and precipitation
Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order to remove the finer suspended particles.
filtration
Water is passed through basins so sediments can settle through a period of time.
sedimentation
Water is injected with hypo-chlorite or chlorine gas to kill the harmful bacteria.
chlorination
What are the 2 general types of well?
- shallow well
- deep well
What are the 5 individual well springs (according to method of construction)?
- dug well
- bored well
- jetted well
- driven well
- drilled well
____ is the most common type usually dug manually.
dug well
A dug well is around ____ deep aka Shallow well.
15 m
____ is similar to dug well, but constructed using an auger driven in by hand or with power tools.
bored well
Bored wells are seldom hand drive below ____, but can reach ____ meters with power tools.
15 m, 40+
___ use of extreme water pressure so as not to affect existing foundation in the vicinity.
jetted well
____ makes use of a suction pump above, while casing acts as the pump riser.
jetted well
___ is used where ground is relatively soft.
jetted well
____ is dug with a sharp pointed hollow slotted iron rod and well screen.
driven well
Driven well have depth from _____ meters
10 to 15
_____ are used for drilling oil.
drilled well
Drilled well can reach up to _____.
1000 m
What are the 4 factors in locating a well?
- 2 most common sources of contamination
- location must not be less than 100 ft away from such pollution sources
- locate on higher ground
- the deeper the well, the better for filtration
What are the 2 most common sources of contamination?
- septic tank/leech fields
- livestock feedlots
_____ are made of non-corrosive materials like brass.
well screening
What are the 2 types of pumps?
- piston pumps
- centrifugal pumps
Water is sucked into a sealed vacuum by use of a piston.
piston pumps
What are the 2 types of piston pumps?
- single action
- double action
Water is drawn in with only one motion?
single action
Water is drawn in with either stroke.
double action
Water is drawn into the pump and discharged with a centrifugal force.
centrifugal pumps
What are the 6 other basic types of pumps?
- reciprocating pumps
- jet pumps
- rotary pumps
- submersible pumps
- sump pumps
- turbine pumps
____ are piston pumps that operate with controlled speed.
reciprocating pumps
____ are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water up from a well.
jet pumps
What are the 4 types of jet pumps?
- deep well jet pumps
- shallow well jet pumps
- convertible jet pumps
- miniature jet pumps
___ are used in high volume applications.
deep well jet pumps
_____ are used for residential wells.
shallow well jet pumps
____ can be used for deep wells and shallow wells.
convertible jet pumps
____ are used for small applications.
miniature jet pumps
____ are piston pumps that make use of a pump driver.
rotary pumps
Rotary pumps can discharge from _____ GPM.
900 to 1200
Rotary pumps are more efficient for ____ fluids.
viscous
_____ are designed to be fully immersible within a tank or other media storage receptacle.
submersible pumps
____ are used in application where excess water must be pumped away from a particular area.
sump pumps
_____, in general, is a category that encompasses a number of styles of pumps that are used to pump put collected fluid.
sump pumps
____ are centrifugal pumps used for large applications because of their multiple impellers.
turbine pumps
Turbine pumps can discharge up to _____ GPM.
2000
What are the 4 types of tanks?
- overhead tanks
- cistern tanks
- pressure tanks
- hot water tanks
____ does not have any pressure concerns but relies on gravity to supply water to fixture below.
overhead tanks
_____ are usually made of galvanized steel, stainless steel, or reinforced concrete, it can com in various shapes and sizes.
overhead tanks
_____ are usually built of reinforced concrete underground and connected with a pump.
cisterns
____ stores water and maintains it under pressure, and discharges it on demand whenever a faucet or shower is used.
pressure tanks
A ____ is a type of water heater that stores hot water in a tank and keeps it heated until it is needed.
tank water heater
What are the 2 types of hot water tanks?
- range boiler
- storage boiler
___ is a small hot water tank (20-60 cm diameter; 180 cm max length).
range boiler
For range boilers, standard working pressure limit is ______ psi
85 to 150
____ is made of galvanized steel sheet, copper or stainless steel.
range boiler
____ are large hot water tank (60-130 cm in diameter; 5m max length).
storage boiler
____ is made of heavy duty material sheets applied with rust proof paint.
storage boiler
Storage boiler standard working pressure limit is _____ psi.
65 to 100
What are the 4 control of the water system?
- start or shut down the system
- regulate pressure
- check backflow
- control the direction of water
What are the 2 rules regarding the location of valves?
- locate and distribute valves in such a manner that they can isolate a certain section of the network in case of system breakdown (before each branch)
- locate valves where they are not too visible while remaining accessbile to users
What are the 6 types of valves?
- gate valve
- globe valve
- check valve
- angle valve
- foot valve
- safety valve
FULL-WAY VALVE
gate valve
____ is used mainly to completely close or completely open the water line (does not control flow of water).
gate valve
____ is best suited to the main supply and pump lines wherein operations is infrequent.
gate valve
What are the 2 types of gate valve?
- wedge type or tapered disc
- double disc valve
____ control the flow of water with a movable spindle.
globe valve
____ can reduce water pressure. Only one side of the valve is an inlet.
globe valve
What are the 3 types of globe valve?
- plug type
- conventional (ball type)
- composition
____ main function is to prevent reversal of flow (backflow in the line).
check valve
What are the 4 types of check valve?
- swing check valve
- lift check valve
- vertical check valve
- horizontal check valve
____ operates in the same manners as globe valve (sic & seat design).
angle valve
_____ used to make a 90° turn inline. Reduces number of joints
angle valve
RETENTION VALVE
foot valve
____ is located at the lower end of the pumps.
foot valve
____ is used mainly to prevent loss of priming of the pumps.
foot valve
_____ is used on water systems, heating systems, compressed air lines, and other pipe lines with excessive pressure.
safety valve
What are the 3 types of faucets/bibbs?
- compression cock
- key cock
- ball faucet
____ operates by the compression of a soft packing upon a metal sheet.
compression cock
______ operates with a round tapering plug around to fit a metal sheet. Hose bibb has grooves fit for a hose.
key cock
____ is constructed with a ball connected to the handle.
ball faucet
What are the 4 defects in water distribution system?
- water hammer
- back siphonage
- expansion/contraction
- friction head loss
A knocking in the pipes caused when faucets in the lower levels are shut off abruptly or automatically.
water hammer
The force exerted by the decelerating water causes the pipes to shake and rattle.
water hammer
The flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe.
back siphonage
____ is the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water to a tank, plumbing fixtures, or other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle.
back flow
Pipes expand and contract due to continuous changes in temperature
expansion/contraction
___ occurs when liquid flowing through the pipe makes contact with the pipe enclosures, thus reducing the speed of water flow.
friction
There is ____ with longer pipes, small diameter pipes, and a high number of valves of fittings.
friction head loss
What are the 2 classification of public water distribution system?
- direct pressure distribution
- indirect pressure distribution
Water is obtained through a large intake installed on the lake basin & extended into deep water.
direct pressure distribution
What are the 3 components of direct pressure distribution?
- water basin
- receiving well
- filtration plant
Water is taken form a drilled well or underground water.
indirect pressure distribution
___ involves individual special mechanical equipment.
indirect pressure distribution.
What are the 7 parts of the cold water distribution system (potable and tap)?
- service pipe
- water meter
- horizontal supply main
- riser
- fixture branch
- control and valves
- storage tanks
____ is a piper from the street water main or other source of water supply to the building served.
service pipe
___ is a device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water that passes through the water service?
water meter
____ is the principal water distribution pipe running from the water meter from which the various branches and risers to the fixtures are taken.
horizontal supply main
____ is a water supply pipe extending vertically to one full story or more to convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures.
riser
___ is the water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the water distributing pipe.
fixture branch
____ is used for control, isolation and repair of the water distribution system.
controls and valves
____ is a container that stores water for later use.
storage tanks
____ can be used to store water for drinking, irrigation, firefighting, or other purposes.
storage tanks
What are the 2 types of cold water distribution systems (within buildings)?
- upfeed system
- downfeed system
What are the 2 types of upfeed system?
- direct upfeed
- air pressure system (pneumatic)
Water is provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from public water main.
direct upfeed
When pressure supplied by city water supply is not strong enough. Compressed air is used to raise and push water into the system.
air pressures system (pneumatic)
Water is pumped into a large tank on top of the building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity.
overhead heed or gravity system
What are the 3 types of hot water distribution systems (within buildings)?
- upfeed and gravity return system
- downfeed and gravity return system
- pump circuit system
Hot water rises on its own & does not need any pump for circulation.
upfeed and gravity return system
Hot water rises on to the highest point of the plumbing system and travels to the fixtures via gravity (closed pipe system)
downfeed and gravity return system
For a ore efficient circulation of hot water to the upper floor levels of multi-story buildings.
pump circuit sytem
What are the 2 types of water heating systems?
- how water space heating system
- hot water supply system
What are the 2 protection of hot water tank?
- system relief valve
- temperature and pressure relief valve
What are the 2 hangers and support?
- supporting cast iron pipes
- masonry anchors/fasteners
Supports shall be places at every joint in horizontal runs unless distance between joints is less than 4ft. Use _____ for this purpose.
strap iron or special pipe
_____ of cat-iron pipe can be attached to the building structure with wire staples, vertical pipe brackets or pie straps.
vertical runs
____ should support the weight of cast-iron pipe at each floor level.
friction clamps
____ (made from lead) are commonly used to attach pipe hangers to fixtures to concrete or masonry.
lag shield
_____ provide a fastener which is permanently attached to the concrete or masonry it is internally threaded to accept machine screws and bolts.
caulking anchors
____ are used when attaching pipes to hollow masonry units; with spring-oriented wings.
toggle bolts
____ can be installed in smaller holes.
plastic anchors
