topic 5: water distribution system Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 sources of water?
A
- rain water
- natural surface water
- ground water
2
Q
____ is collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and stored in cisterns or ponds.
A
rain water
3
Q
____ is obtained from ponds, lakes, and rivers.
A
natural surface water
4
Q
____ is obtained from underground by means of mechanical & manual equipment.
A
ground water
5
Q
From springs and wells and is the principal source of water for domestic use in most rural areas.
A
ground water
6
Q
What are the 5 water quality problems?
A
- acidity
- hardness
- turbidity
- color
- pollution
7
Q
Passing the water through a bed of crushed marble or limestone to achieve alkalinity, or adding sodium silicate.
A
acidity
8
Q
Introduction of water softeners made up of Zeolite (a greenish granular material).
A
hardness
9
Q
Filtration
A
turbidity
10
Q
Precipitation by filtration through manganese zeolite (oxidizing filter).
A
color
11
Q
Chlorination
A
pollution
12
Q
____ is any method that will remove one or more materials that make the water unsuitable for a given use.
A
water purification
13
Q
What are the 5 methods of water treatment and purification?
A
- aeration
- coagulation and precipitation
- filtration
- sedimentation
- chlorination
14
Q
____ is spraying the water into the atmosphere through jets or passing it over rough surfaces to remove entrained noxious gases such as carbon diozide or hydrigen sulfide.
A
aeration
15
Q
____ is the addition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and line, to the water which cause the larger suspended particles to form a gelatinous mass which precipitate readily.
A
coagulation and precipitation
16
Q
Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order to remove the finer suspended particles.
A
filtration
17
Q
Water is passed through basins so sediments can settle through a period of time.
A
sedimentation
18
Q
Water is injected with hypo-chlorite or chlorine gas to kill the harmful bacteria.
A
chlorination
19
Q
What are the 2 general types of well?
A
- shallow well
- deep well
20
Q
What are the 5 individual well springs (according to method of construction)?
A
- dug well
- bored well
- jetted well
- driven well
- drilled well
21
Q
____ is the most common type usually dug manually.
A
dug well
22
Q
A dug well is around ____ deep aka Shallow well.
A
15 m
23
Q
____ is similar to dug well, but constructed using an auger driven in by hand or with power tools.
A
bored well
24
Q
Bored wells are seldom hand drive below ____, but can reach ____ meters with power tools.
A
15 m, 40+
25
___ use of extreme water pressure so as not to affect existing foundation in the vicinity.
jetted well
26
____ makes use of a suction pump above, while casing acts as the pump riser.
jetted well
27
___ is used where ground is relatively soft.
jetted well
28
____ is dug with a sharp pointed hollow slotted iron rod and well screen.
driven well
29
Driven well have depth from _____ meters
10 to 15
30
_____ are used for drilling oil.
drilled well
31
Drilled well can reach up to _____.
1000 m
32
What are the 4 factors in locating a well?
1. 2 most common sources of contamination
2. location must not be less than 100 ft away from such pollution sources
3. locate on higher ground
4. the deeper the well, the better for filtration
33
What are the 2 most common sources of contamination?
1. septic tank/leech fields
2. livestock feedlots
34
_____ are made of non-corrosive materials like brass.
well screening
35
What are the 2 types of pumps?
1. piston pumps
2. centrifugal pumps
36
Water is sucked into a sealed vacuum by use of a piston.
piston pumps
37
What are the 2 types of piston pumps?
1. single action
2. double action
38
Water is drawn in with only one motion?
single action
39
Water is drawn in with either stroke.
double action
40
Water is drawn into the pump and discharged with a centrifugal force.
centrifugal pumps
41
What are the 6 other basic types of pumps?
1. reciprocating pumps
2. jet pumps
3. rotary pumps
4. submersible pumps
5. sump pumps
6. turbine pumps
42
____ are piston pumps that operate with controlled speed.
reciprocating pumps
43
____ are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water up from a well.
jet pumps
44
What are the 4 types of jet pumps?
1. deep well jet pumps
2. shallow well jet pumps
3. convertible jet pumps
4. miniature jet pumps
45
___ are used in high volume applications.
deep well jet pumps
46
_____ are used for residential wells.
shallow well jet pumps
47
____ can be used for deep wells and shallow wells.
convertible jet pumps
48
____ are used for small applications.
miniature jet pumps
49
____ are piston pumps that make use of a pump driver.
rotary pumps
50
Rotary pumps can discharge from _____ GPM.
900 to 1200
51
Rotary pumps are more efficient for ____ fluids.
viscous
52
_____ are designed to be fully immersible within a tank or other media storage receptacle.
submersible pumps
53
____ are used in application where excess water must be pumped away from a particular area.
sump pumps
54
_____, in general, is a category that encompasses a number of styles of pumps that are used to pump put collected fluid.
sump pumps
55
____ are centrifugal pumps used for large applications because of their multiple impellers.
turbine pumps
56
Turbine pumps can discharge up to _____ GPM.
2000
57
What are the 4 types of tanks?
1. overhead tanks
2. cistern tanks
3. pressure tanks
4. hot water tanks
58
____ does not have any pressure concerns but relies on gravity to supply water to fixture below.
overhead tanks
59
_____ are usually made of galvanized steel, stainless steel, or reinforced concrete, it can com in various shapes and sizes.
overhead tanks
60
_____ are usually built of reinforced concrete underground and connected with a pump.
cisterns
61
____ stores water and maintains it under pressure, and discharges it on demand whenever a faucet or shower is used.
pressure tanks
62
A ____ is a type of water heater that stores hot water in a tank and keeps it heated until it is needed.
tank water heater
63
What are the 2 types of hot water tanks?
1. range boiler
2. storage boiler
64
___ is a small hot water tank (20-60 cm diameter; 180 cm max length).
range boiler
65
For range boilers, standard working pressure limit is ______ psi
85 to 150
66
____ is made of galvanized steel sheet, copper or stainless steel.
range boiler
67
____ are large hot water tank (60-130 cm in diameter; 5m max length).
storage boiler
68
____ is made of heavy duty material sheets applied with rust proof paint.
storage boiler
69
Storage boiler standard working pressure limit is _____ psi.
65 to 100
70
What are the 4 control of the water system?
1. start or shut down the system
2. regulate pressure
3. check backflow
4. control the direction of water
71
What are the 2 rules regarding the location of valves?
1. locate and distribute valves in such a manner that they can isolate a certain section of the network in case of system breakdown (before each branch)
2. locate valves where they are not too visible while remaining accessbile to users
72
What are the 6 types of valves?
1. gate valve
2. globe valve
3. check valve
4. angle valve
5. foot valve
6. safety valve
73
FULL-WAY VALVE
gate valve
74
____ is used mainly to completely close or completely open the water line (does not control flow of water).
gate valve
75
____ is best suited to the main supply and pump lines wherein operations is infrequent.
gate valve
76
What are the 2 types of gate valve?
1. wedge type or tapered disc
2. double disc valve
77
____ control the flow of water with a movable spindle.
globe valve
78
____ can reduce water pressure. Only one side of the valve is an inlet.
globe valve
79
What are the 3 types of globe valve?
1. plug type
2. conventional (ball type)
3. composition
80
____ main function is to prevent reversal of flow (backflow in the line).
check valve
81
What are the 4 types of check valve?
1. swing check valve
2. lift check valve
3. vertical check valve
4. horizontal check valve
82
____ operates in the same manners as globe valve (sic & seat design).
angle valve
83
_____ used to make a 90° turn inline. Reduces number of joints
angle valve
84
RETENTION VALVE
foot valve
85
____ is located at the lower end of the pumps.
foot valve
86
____ is used mainly to prevent loss of priming of the pumps.
foot valve
87
_____ is used on water systems, heating systems, compressed air lines, and other pipe lines with excessive pressure.
safety valve
88
What are the 3 types of faucets/bibbs?
1. compression cock
2. key cock
3. ball faucet
89
____ operates by the compression of a soft packing upon a metal sheet.
compression cock
90
______ operates with a round tapering plug around to fit a metal sheet. Hose bibb has grooves fit for a hose.
key cock
91
____ is constructed with a ball connected to the handle.
ball faucet
92
What are the 4 defects in water distribution system?
1. water hammer
2. back siphonage
3. expansion/contraction
4. friction head loss
93
A knocking in the pipes caused when faucets in the lower levels are shut off abruptly or automatically.
water hammer
94
The force exerted by the decelerating water causes the pipes to shake and rattle.
water hammer
95
The flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe.
back siphonage
96
____ is the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water to a tank, plumbing fixtures, or other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle.
back flow
97
Pipes expand and contract due to continuous changes in temperature
expansion/contraction
98
___ occurs when liquid flowing through the pipe makes contact with the pipe enclosures, thus reducing the speed of water flow.
friction
99
There is ____ with longer pipes, small diameter pipes, and a high number of valves of fittings.
friction head loss
100
What are the 2 classification of public water distribution system?
1. direct pressure distribution
2. indirect pressure distribution
101
Water is obtained through a large intake installed on the lake basin & extended into deep water.
direct pressure distribution
102
What are the 3 components of direct pressure distribution?
1. water basin
2. receiving well
3. filtration plant
103
Water is taken form a drilled well or underground water.
indirect pressure distribution
104
___ involves individual special mechanical equipment.
indirect pressure distribution.
105
What are the 7 parts of the cold water distribution system (potable and tap)?
1. service pipe
2. water meter
3. horizontal supply main
4. riser
5. fixture branch
6. control and valves
7. storage tanks
106
____ is a piper from the street water main or other source of water supply to the building served.
service pipe
107
___ is a device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water that passes through the water service?
water meter
108
____ is the principal water distribution pipe running from the water meter from which the various branches and risers to the fixtures are taken.
horizontal supply main
109
____ is a water supply pipe extending vertically to one full story or more to convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures.
riser
110
___ is the water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the water distributing pipe.
fixture branch
111
____ is used for control, isolation and repair of the water distribution system.
controls and valves
112
____ is a container that stores water for later use.
storage tanks
113
____ can be used to store water for drinking, irrigation, firefighting, or other purposes.
storage tanks
114
What are the 2 types of cold water distribution systems (within buildings)?
1. upfeed system
2. downfeed system
115
What are the 2 types of upfeed system?
1. direct upfeed
2. air pressure system (pneumatic)
115
Water is provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from public water main.
direct upfeed
116
When pressure supplied by city water supply is not strong enough. Compressed air is used to raise and push water into the system.
air pressures system (pneumatic)
117
Water is pumped into a large tank on top of the building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity.
overhead heed or gravity system
118
What are the 3 types of hot water distribution systems (within buildings)?
1. upfeed and gravity return system
2. downfeed and gravity return system
3. pump circuit system
119
Hot water rises on its own & does not need any pump for circulation.
upfeed and gravity return system
120
Hot water rises on to the highest point of the plumbing system and travels to the fixtures via gravity (closed pipe system)
downfeed and gravity return system
121
For a ore efficient circulation of hot water to the upper floor levels of multi-story buildings.
pump circuit sytem
122
What are the 2 types of water heating systems?
1. how water space heating system
2. hot water supply system
123
What are the 2 protection of hot water tank?
1. system relief valve
2. temperature and pressure relief valve
124
What are the 2 hangers and support?
1. supporting cast iron pipes
2. masonry anchors/fasteners
125
Supports shall be places at every joint in horizontal runs unless distance between joints is less than 4ft. Use _____ for this purpose.
strap iron or special pipe
126
_____ of cat-iron pipe can be attached to the building structure with wire staples, vertical pipe brackets or pie straps.
vertical runs
127
____ should support the weight of cast-iron pipe at each floor level.
friction clamps
128
____ (made from lead) are commonly used to attach pipe hangers to fixtures to concrete or masonry.
lag shield
129
_____ provide a fastener which is permanently attached to the concrete or masonry it is internally threaded to accept machine screws and bolts.
caulking anchors
130
____ are used when attaching pipes to hollow masonry units; with spring-oriented wings.
toggle bolts
131
____ can be installed in smaller holes.
plastic anchors
