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ut2 > topic 5: water distribution system > Flashcards

topic 5: water distribution system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 sources of water?

A
  1. rain water
  2. natural surface water
  3. ground water
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2
Q

____ is collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and stored in cisterns or ponds.

A

rain water

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3
Q

____ is obtained from ponds, lakes, and rivers.

A

natural surface water

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4
Q

____ is obtained from underground by means of mechanical & manual equipment.

A

ground water

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5
Q

From springs and wells and is the principal source of water for domestic use in most rural areas.

A

ground water

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6
Q

What are the 5 water quality problems?

A
  1. acidity
  2. hardness
  3. turbidity
  4. color
  5. pollution
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7
Q

Passing the water through a bed of crushed marble or limestone to achieve alkalinity, or adding sodium silicate.

A

acidity

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8
Q

Introduction of water softeners made up of Zeolite (a greenish granular material).

A

hardness

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9
Q

Filtration

A

turbidity

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10
Q

Precipitation by filtration through manganese zeolite (oxidizing filter).

A

color

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11
Q

Chlorination

A

pollution

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12
Q

____ is any method that will remove one or more materials that make the water unsuitable for a given use.

A

water purification

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13
Q

What are the 5 methods of water treatment and purification?

A
  1. aeration
  2. coagulation and precipitation
  3. filtration
  4. sedimentation
  5. chlorination
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14
Q

____ is spraying the water into the atmosphere through jets or passing it over rough surfaces to remove entrained noxious gases such as carbon diozide or hydrigen sulfide.

A

aeration

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15
Q

____ is the addition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and line, to the water which cause the larger suspended particles to form a gelatinous mass which precipitate readily.

A

coagulation and precipitation

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16
Q

Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order to remove the finer suspended particles.

A

filtration

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17
Q

Water is passed through basins so sediments can settle through a period of time.

A

sedimentation

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18
Q

Water is injected with hypo-chlorite or chlorine gas to kill the harmful bacteria.

A

chlorination

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19
Q

What are the 2 general types of well?

A
  1. shallow well
  2. deep well
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20
Q

What are the 5 individual well springs (according to method of construction)?

A
  1. dug well
  2. bored well
  3. jetted well
  4. driven well
  5. drilled well
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21
Q

____ is the most common type usually dug manually.

A

dug well

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22
Q

A dug well is around ____ deep aka Shallow well.

A

15 m

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23
Q

____ is similar to dug well, but constructed using an auger driven in by hand or with power tools.

A

bored well

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24
Q

Bored wells are seldom hand drive below ____, but can reach ____ meters with power tools.

A

15 m, 40+

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25
Q

___ use of extreme water pressure so as not to affect existing foundation in the vicinity.

A

jetted well

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26
Q

____ makes use of a suction pump above, while casing acts as the pump riser.

A

jetted well

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27
Q

___ is used where ground is relatively soft.

A

jetted well

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28
Q

____ is dug with a sharp pointed hollow slotted iron rod and well screen.

A

driven well

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29
Q

Driven well have depth from _____ meters

A

10 to 15

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30
Q

_____ are used for drilling oil.

A

drilled well

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31
Q

Drilled well can reach up to _____.

A

1000 m

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32
Q

What are the 4 factors in locating a well?

A
  1. 2 most common sources of contamination
  2. location must not be less than 100 ft away from such pollution sources
  3. locate on higher ground
  4. the deeper the well, the better for filtration
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33
Q

What are the 2 most common sources of contamination?

A
  1. septic tank/leech fields
  2. livestock feedlots
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34
Q

_____ are made of non-corrosive materials like brass.

A

well screening

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35
Q

What are the 2 types of pumps?

A
  1. piston pumps
  2. centrifugal pumps
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36
Q

Water is sucked into a sealed vacuum by use of a piston.

A

piston pumps

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37
Q

What are the 2 types of piston pumps?

A
  1. single action
  2. double action
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38
Q

Water is drawn in with only one motion?

A

single action

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39
Q

Water is drawn in with either stroke.

A

double action

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40
Q

Water is drawn into the pump and discharged with a centrifugal force.

A

centrifugal pumps

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41
Q

What are the 6 other basic types of pumps?

A
  1. reciprocating pumps
  2. jet pumps
  3. rotary pumps
  4. submersible pumps
  5. sump pumps
  6. turbine pumps
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42
Q

____ are piston pumps that operate with controlled speed.

A

reciprocating pumps

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43
Q

____ are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water up from a well.

A

jet pumps

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44
Q

What are the 4 types of jet pumps?

A
  1. deep well jet pumps
  2. shallow well jet pumps
  3. convertible jet pumps
  4. miniature jet pumps
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45
Q

___ are used in high volume applications.

A

deep well jet pumps

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46
Q

_____ are used for residential wells.

A

shallow well jet pumps

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47
Q

____ can be used for deep wells and shallow wells.

A

convertible jet pumps

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48
Q

____ are used for small applications.

A

miniature jet pumps

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49
Q

____ are piston pumps that make use of a pump driver.

A

rotary pumps

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50
Q

Rotary pumps can discharge from _____ GPM.

A

900 to 1200

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51
Q

Rotary pumps are more efficient for ____ fluids.

A

viscous

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52
Q

_____ are designed to be fully immersible within a tank or other media storage receptacle.

A

submersible pumps

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53
Q

____ are used in application where excess water must be pumped away from a particular area.

A

sump pumps

54
Q

_____, in general, is a category that encompasses a number of styles of pumps that are used to pump put collected fluid.

A

sump pumps

55
Q

____ are centrifugal pumps used for large applications because of their multiple impellers.

A

turbine pumps

56
Q

Turbine pumps can discharge up to _____ GPM.

A

2000

57
Q

What are the 4 types of tanks?

A
  1. overhead tanks
  2. cistern tanks
  3. pressure tanks
  4. hot water tanks
58
Q

____ does not have any pressure concerns but relies on gravity to supply water to fixture below.

A

overhead tanks

59
Q

_____ are usually made of galvanized steel, stainless steel, or reinforced concrete, it can com in various shapes and sizes.

A

overhead tanks

60
Q

_____ are usually built of reinforced concrete underground and connected with a pump.

A

cisterns

61
Q

____ stores water and maintains it under pressure, and discharges it on demand whenever a faucet or shower is used.

A

pressure tanks

62
Q

A ____ is a type of water heater that stores hot water in a tank and keeps it heated until it is needed.

A

tank water heater

63
Q

What are the 2 types of hot water tanks?

A
  1. range boiler
  2. storage boiler
64
Q

___ is a small hot water tank (20-60 cm diameter; 180 cm max length).

A

range boiler

65
Q

For range boilers, standard working pressure limit is ______ psi

A

85 to 150

66
Q

____ is made of galvanized steel sheet, copper or stainless steel.

A

range boiler

67
Q

____ are large hot water tank (60-130 cm in diameter; 5m max length).

A

storage boiler

68
Q

____ is made of heavy duty material sheets applied with rust proof paint.

A

storage boiler

69
Q

Storage boiler standard working pressure limit is _____ psi.

A

65 to 100

70
Q

What are the 4 control of the water system?

A
  1. start or shut down the system
  2. regulate pressure
  3. check backflow
  4. control the direction of water
71
Q

What are the 2 rules regarding the location of valves?

A
  1. locate and distribute valves in such a manner that they can isolate a certain section of the network in case of system breakdown (before each branch)
  2. locate valves where they are not too visible while remaining accessbile to users
72
Q

What are the 6 types of valves?

A
  1. gate valve
  2. globe valve
  3. check valve
  4. angle valve
  5. foot valve
  6. safety valve
73
Q

FULL-WAY VALVE

A

gate valve

74
Q

____ is used mainly to completely close or completely open the water line (does not control flow of water).

A

gate valve

75
Q

____ is best suited to the main supply and pump lines wherein operations is infrequent.

A

gate valve

76
Q

What are the 2 types of gate valve?

A
  1. wedge type or tapered disc
  2. double disc valve
77
Q

____ control the flow of water with a movable spindle.

A

globe valve

78
Q

____ can reduce water pressure. Only one side of the valve is an inlet.

A

globe valve

79
Q

What are the 3 types of globe valve?

A
  1. plug type
  2. conventional (ball type)
  3. composition
80
Q

____ main function is to prevent reversal of flow (backflow in the line).

A

check valve

81
Q

What are the 4 types of check valve?

A
  1. swing check valve
  2. lift check valve
  3. vertical check valve
  4. horizontal check valve
82
Q

____ operates in the same manners as globe valve (sic & seat design).

A

angle valve

83
Q

_____ used to make a 90° turn inline. Reduces number of joints

A

angle valve

84
Q

RETENTION VALVE

A

foot valve

85
Q

____ is located at the lower end of the pumps.

A

foot valve

86
Q

____ is used mainly to prevent loss of priming of the pumps.

A

foot valve

87
Q

_____ is used on water systems, heating systems, compressed air lines, and other pipe lines with excessive pressure.

A

safety valve

88
Q

What are the 3 types of faucets/bibbs?

A
  1. compression cock
  2. key cock
  3. ball faucet
89
Q

____ operates by the compression of a soft packing upon a metal sheet.

A

compression cock

90
Q

______ operates with a round tapering plug around to fit a metal sheet. Hose bibb has grooves fit for a hose.

A

key cock

91
Q

____ is constructed with a ball connected to the handle.

A

ball faucet

92
Q

What are the 4 defects in water distribution system?

A
  1. water hammer
  2. back siphonage
  3. expansion/contraction
  4. friction head loss
93
Q

A knocking in the pipes caused when faucets in the lower levels are shut off abruptly or automatically.

A

water hammer

94
Q

The force exerted by the decelerating water causes the pipes to shake and rattle.

A

water hammer

95
Q

The flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe.

A

back siphonage

96
Q

____ is the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water to a tank, plumbing fixtures, or other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle.

A

back flow

97
Q

Pipes expand and contract due to continuous changes in temperature

A

expansion/contraction

98
Q

___ occurs when liquid flowing through the pipe makes contact with the pipe enclosures, thus reducing the speed of water flow.

A

friction

99
Q

There is ____ with longer pipes, small diameter pipes, and a high number of valves of fittings.

A

friction head loss

100
Q

What are the 2 classification of public water distribution system?

A
  1. direct pressure distribution
  2. indirect pressure distribution
101
Q

Water is obtained through a large intake installed on the lake basin & extended into deep water.

A

direct pressure distribution

102
Q

What are the 3 components of direct pressure distribution?

A
  1. water basin
  2. receiving well
  3. filtration plant
103
Q

Water is taken form a drilled well or underground water.

A

indirect pressure distribution

104
Q

___ involves individual special mechanical equipment.

A

indirect pressure distribution.

105
Q

What are the 7 parts of the cold water distribution system (potable and tap)?

A
  1. service pipe
  2. water meter
  3. horizontal supply main
  4. riser
  5. fixture branch
  6. control and valves
  7. storage tanks
106
Q

____ is a piper from the street water main or other source of water supply to the building served.

A

service pipe

107
Q

___ is a device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water that passes through the water service?

A

water meter

108
Q

____ is the principal water distribution pipe running from the water meter from which the various branches and risers to the fixtures are taken.

A

horizontal supply main

109
Q

____ is a water supply pipe extending vertically to one full story or more to convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures.

A

riser

110
Q

___ is the water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the water distributing pipe.

A

fixture branch

111
Q

____ is used for control, isolation and repair of the water distribution system.

A

controls and valves

112
Q

____ is a container that stores water for later use.

A

storage tanks

113
Q

____ can be used to store water for drinking, irrigation, firefighting, or other purposes.

A

storage tanks

114
Q

What are the 2 types of cold water distribution systems (within buildings)?

A
  1. upfeed system
  2. downfeed system
115
Q

What are the 2 types of upfeed system?

A
  1. direct upfeed
  2. air pressure system (pneumatic)
115
Q

Water is provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from public water main.

A

direct upfeed

116
Q

When pressure supplied by city water supply is not strong enough. Compressed air is used to raise and push water into the system.

A

air pressures system (pneumatic)

117
Q

Water is pumped into a large tank on top of the building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity.

A

overhead heed or gravity system

118
Q

What are the 3 types of hot water distribution systems (within buildings)?

A
  1. upfeed and gravity return system
  2. downfeed and gravity return system
  3. pump circuit system
119
Q

Hot water rises on its own & does not need any pump for circulation.

A

upfeed and gravity return system

120
Q

Hot water rises on to the highest point of the plumbing system and travels to the fixtures via gravity (closed pipe system)

A

downfeed and gravity return system

121
Q

For a ore efficient circulation of hot water to the upper floor levels of multi-story buildings.

A

pump circuit sytem

122
Q

What are the 2 types of water heating systems?

A
  1. how water space heating system
  2. hot water supply system
123
Q

What are the 2 protection of hot water tank?

A
  1. system relief valve
  2. temperature and pressure relief valve
124
Q

What are the 2 hangers and support?

A
  1. supporting cast iron pipes
  2. masonry anchors/fasteners
125
Q

Supports shall be places at every joint in horizontal runs unless distance between joints is less than 4ft. Use _____ for this purpose.

A

strap iron or special pipe

126
Q

_____ of cat-iron pipe can be attached to the building structure with wire staples, vertical pipe brackets or pie straps.

A

vertical runs

127
Q

____ should support the weight of cast-iron pipe at each floor level.

A

friction clamps

128
Q

____ (made from lead) are commonly used to attach pipe hangers to fixtures to concrete or masonry.

A

lag shield

129
Q

_____ provide a fastener which is permanently attached to the concrete or masonry it is internally threaded to accept machine screws and bolts.

A

caulking anchors

130
Q

____ are used when attaching pipes to hollow masonry units; with spring-oriented wings.

A

toggle bolts

131
Q

____ can be installed in smaller holes.

A

plastic anchors

ut2 (14 decks)

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