Topic 5: The UK's Evolving Human Landscape Flashcards
Describe the urban core of the UK in terms of Population Density, Age Structure, Economic Activities and Settlement. (4)
- Population density is high (1)
- Many young, single adults (1)
- There are large shops, offices factories (1), many jobs avaliable (1)
- Low and high-rise buildings (1), more expensive property (1)
Describe the rural areas of the UK (4)
- Low population density (1)
- Many older people (1)
- Farming, fishing, forestry, mining (1)
- Low rise buildings (1), generally cheaper property (1)
Explain the structure of the Central Business District (CBD)
The CBD is the centre of a city and is dominated by shops, office blocks, banks and other services. Building density is very high with some open green space and with good quality environment.
Explain the structure of the Comprehensive Development Areas (CDA’s)
CDA’s have tower blocks and blocks of high density flats. There are few shops and very little open green space.
Explain the structure of the Suburbs
The Suburbs were usually built in the 19th century. The density of buildings are way lower , land use is usually housing with a few shops with good quality green space.
What is decentralisation?
Decentralisation is when shops, services and shopping areas are built in the suburbs or near the urban-rural fringe. This would attract people away from the CBD and towards the suburb areas.
Why do people migrate to Birmingham?
People migrate into and around Birmingham because of ‘Pull Factors’, such as good jobs and good quality housing, low crime rates and good education and services
State what a Transnational corporation is.
- Large companies that operate in different countries.
Why is there inequality in Birmingham? [4]
Discrimination against new migrants due to race, [1] therefore less service and opportunities are presented [1]
Rapid population growth can make areas crowded [1] therefore cities find it hard to provide the population with necessities [1]
Free trade is important in the EU. State the definition of free trade.
- The free movement of goods and services in an area (the EU).
Describe what happened in Slum clearances and Redevelopment schemes.
70% of 19th Century housing in CDA’s were deemed unfit to live in. As a result of this large areas of flats and terraced housing were destroyed in order to redevelop the houses. Population in CDA’s decreased as people didn’t move back.
What is the Urban - Rural fringe?
The area where urban and rural land use mixes.
Identify 2-4 impacts of international migration.
- Providing cheap and unskilled, and skilled labour.
- Increase of population density and pressure on services to provide.
- As migrants as families and children, there is an increase in the number of children in the area, bringing benefits.
- Introduction of migrants home culture. (cuisine, religion)
What is a Foreign Direct Investment? (FDI)
- The flow of money from businesses in one country to another.
What is Gentrification? Give an example of a gentrified area [3]
Gentrification is the process of when older areas of the city become culturally desirable, [1] so wealthier people move in and change the area. [1]
Moseley became gentrified as entrepreneurs moved in due to desired features [1]
Give 2 effects of privatisation on UK firms.
- Increased FDI from businesses investing in the UK.
- Increased awareness and competition of markets.
- Increased foreign ownership of UK firms.
- Increase in efficiency, with loss of jobs in the UK
- Profits from some UK - based firms abroad.
What is Studentification? Give an example of a studentified area [3]
Studentification is the change in an area of the city by increasing numbers of students moving. [1]
Selly Oak [1] as students bring new cultures which spread in Selly Oak [1]
What is Regeneration? Give an example of regenerated areas [3]
Regeneration is the revival of old run down areas for public use [1]
Longbridge had been regenerated after a large brownfield site was left [1] £1 billion was spent to regenerate [1]
How has Eco-housing make life more sustainable and improved quality?
Eco-Housing has allowed for high standard in terms of energy efficiency, space, and design while keeping it affordable, persuading more people to buy the homes. (Northfield - Municipal Housing Trust)
Why does Rural to Urban migration occur?
- This is when people who live in an area of few job opportunities move to an area with many job opportunities.
What is Rebranding?
Rebranding is changing the image of an area by positively advertising the area.
How has Green Transport made life more sustainable and improved?
More public bus routes have been built to reduce car pollution, which persuades more people to use bus routes. Other initiatives include more bicycle lanes and electric car charging points, therefore reducing CO2 emissions.
What is retirement migration?
Why does it occur? [2]
- This is the process of older people who decide to retire to a different part of the UK.
- Lower crime rates in rural areas [1]
- Attractions such as scenery and location [1]
State what Globalisation is.
- The growing importance of international operations for all sectors.
