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Science > Topic 5 - Tectonic Plates > Flashcards

Topic 5 - Tectonic Plates Flashcards

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1
Q

Asthenosphere

A

A layer of semi solid rock in the lower mantle on which earths tectonic plates move

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2
Q

Constructive boundary

A

Plate boundary where new crust is formed

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3
Q

Destructive boundary

A

Plate boundary where lithosphere is destroyed

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4
Q

Continental crust

A

The crust that forms the continents

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5
Q

Continental drift

A

The separating of continents by drifting across earths surface

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6
Q

Converging boundary

A

Where plates are colliding with each other

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7
Q

Diverging boundary

A

Where plates are moving apart from each other in opposite directions

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8
Q

Core

A

The centre of the earth

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9
Q

Earthquake

A

The rapid movement of the ground, due to the movement of tectonic plates

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10
Q

Epicentre

A

The point directly above the focus of an earthquake on the earths surface

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11
Q

Focus

A

The place below ground where an earthquake starts

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12
Q

Fold mountain

A

Mountain formed by crust crumpling upwards as plates collide

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13
Q

Hot spot

A

Isolated place away from plate boundaries where a lot of hot magma is collecting

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14
Q

Island arcs

A

A chain of islands formed at the edges of colliding tectonic plates where one subducts

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15
Q

Lithosphere

A

Name for the crust and upper mantle together; earths tectonic plates

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16
Q

Magnetic striping

A

Patterns of magnetism trapped in rocks on each side of plate boundaries

17
Q

Mantle

A

Layer beneath earths crust

18
Q

Ocean trench

A

A deep channel in the ocean floor where crust is sinking downwards

19
Q

Oceanic crust

A

The crust that forms the ocean floor

20
Q

Ridge push

A

Older crust is pushed below new ocean crust and squeezes the plates sideways

21
Q

Rift

A

A zone where the earths crust and mantle are being pulled apart

22
Q

Rifting

A

The process of continents breaking up, subsiding and allowing in sea water

23
Q

Seafloor spreading

A

The process of new crust forming at ocean ridges and spreading outwards

24
Q

Primary wave (P wave)

A

A longitudinal seismic wave that travels fast through the earth

25
Q

Secondary wave (S wave)

A

Transverse seismic waves that travels through the earth

26
Q

Seismic wave

A

The shaking, wave like movement of the ground in an earthquake

27
Q

Subduction

A

When one plate sinks below another plate during a collision

28
Q

Surface wave

A

A seismic wave that travels along the surface of the earth in the crust

29
Q

Transform boundary

A

Where plates are sliding parallel to each other but in opposite directions

30
Q

Trench

A

A depression in the ocean floor

31
Q

Tsunami

A

A huge wave in the ocean caused by an earthquake

32
Q

Volcano

A

A place where extremely hot material from inside the earth erupts at the surface

33
Q

List the 7 plate interactions (MOOURHE)

A
  • mid ocean ridge
  • ocean trench with island arcs
  • oceanic trench with coastal volcanic mountain ranges
  • uplifted mountain range
  • Rift Valley
  • hot spot volcanic islands
  • earthquake fault zone
34
Q

Mid ocean ridge

A

Seafloor spreading zone where magma rises up as two oceanic plates spread apart

35
Q

What did Alfred Wegener discover

A

He created the theory of continental drift

36
Q

2 main observations of continental drift

A
  • continents fit together perfectly like a jigsaw

- fossils of the same species have been found at continents far apart

37
Q

Harry Hess

A

Proposed seafloor spreading and subduction

38
Q

Evidence for seafloor spreading and subduction

A
  • magnetic striping
  • age of the seafloor
  • sediment thickness
39
Q

Slab pull

A

Oceanic crust is subduction below continental crust

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