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Science > Topic 1 - Atoms > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Atoms Flashcards

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1
Q

Anion

A

An inion that has more electrons than protons, making it negatively charged

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2
Q

Atom

A

The smallest building block of matter

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3
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in a nucleus

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4
Q

Atomic symbol

A

A short hand notation for describing an atom

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5
Q

Cation

A

An ion that has more protons and electrons, making it positively charged

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6
Q

Compound

A

A substance made up of 2 or more different types of atoms chemically joined

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7
Q

Crystal lattice

A

A grid-like structure of atoms or ions

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8
Q

Electron

A

A small, negatively charged subatomic particle, clouds of electrons surround the nucleus

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9
Q

Element

A

A substance made up of only 1 type of atom

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10
Q

Ion

A

An atom that has gained or lost an electron

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11
Q

Molecule

A

A cluster of atoms that made up an element or compound

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12
Q

Neutron

A

A subatomic particle with no electric charge

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13
Q

Polyatomic

A

Contains more than one atom

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14
Q

Alpha decay

A

A nuclear reaction in which a nucleus ejects an alpha particle, which is identical to a helium nucleus

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15
Q

Alpha particle

A

A particle made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons making it identical to a helium nucleus

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16
Q

Alpha radiation

A

A form of nuclear reaction in which a nucleus ejects a beta particle

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17
Q

Fission

A

A nuclear reaction in which a very large nucleus splits into 2 small nuclei of similar mass

18
Q

Fusion

A

A nuclear reaction where 2 smaller nuclei come together to form one larger nucleus

19
Q

Gamma decay

A

Nuclear decay that involves the release of gamma rays

20
Q

Gamma radiation

A

A form of ionising radiation made up of gamma rays

21
Q

Gamma rays

A

A very high energy electromagnetic wave that is produced when the protons and neutrons in a nucleus rearrange (Y with 2 0’s)

22
Q

Half life

A

The time it takes for half of the nuclei to decay

23
Q

Ionising radiation

A

Any form of radiation that has the ability to remove electrons from atoms or molecules

24
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons, but are still their original element

25
Q

Mutation

A

A change in the DNA of a cell, that causes it to change how it works and reproduces

26
Q

Nuclear decay

A

When a nucleus undergoes a nuclear reaction and emits radiation

27
Q

Nuclear radiation

A

Rays or particles that are emitted by a nucleus during a nuclear reaction

28
Q

Nuclear reaction

A

A process that causes a nucleus the change, including alpha decay, beta decay, fission and fusion

29
Q

Radiation burns

A

Redness and blistering on skin and other organs, caused by short exposure to a large amount of ionising radiation

30
Q

Radiation sickness

A

Cell death, caused by short exposure to a large amount of ionising radiation or a long exposure to a small amount of ionising radiation

31
Q

Radioactive

A

Emitting radiation

32
Q

Radioisotopes

A

An isotope with a nucleus that may undergo a nuclear reaction

33
Q

Radiotherapy

A

A cancer treatment in which tumours are exposed to high concentrations of radiation

34
Q

Stable nuclei

A

Nuclei that will never undergo a nuclear reaction

35
Q

Transmutation

A

A nuclear reaction that converts on type of atom into a different type of atom

36
Q

Unstable nuclei

A

Nuclei that may undergo a nuclear reaction at anytime

37
Q

Difference between chemical reaction and nuclear reaction

A

Chemical reaction:

  • bonds break and new bonds are made
  • multiple atoms involved
  • involves the outer shell of electrons
  • small changes in energy

Nuclear reaction:

  • nucleus emits energy and/or particles
  • only one atom involved
  • involves protons, neutrons and electrons
  • very large changes in energy
  • fusion and fission
38
Q

What is radiation useful for

A

Treatment, diagnosis, industrial applications and scientific research

39
Q

What happens during beta decay

A

A neutron is converted into a proton, making it a new element

40
Q

Beta decay

A

A form of nuclear reaction in which a nucleus ejects a beta particle

41
Q

Beta particle

A

A small, negatively charged particle, identical to an electron (B with a 0 up the top and -1 below)

42
Q

Beta radiation

A

Nuclear radiation that is made up of beta particles

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