topic 5 social psychology

Question 1

explain the difference between primary (family), secondary (media, schooling) socialisation

Answer 1

Primary socialisation: learning beliefs, customs and appropriate behaviours of a group during the early stages of life, typically from parents and close family members

Secondary socialisation: learning beliefs, customs and appropriate behaviours of a group through teachers, external family, friends and the media

Question 2

Whats gender?

Answer 2

A socially constructed idea of what make females and meales who they are. This includes personality traits, social behaviours and physical appearance

Question 3

Socila learning theory:

Answer 3

Vicarious reward: When a child observes a behaviour being rewarded
Vicarious punishment: When a child observes a behaviour being punished

Question 4

whats conformity?

Question 5

whats conformity?

Answer 5

behaviour, beliefs and actions that comply with a groups behaviour, belief and actions

-Aschs experiment on conformity (the different sized lines whre people knew the answer but did what the group said) provided evidence for conformity

Question 6

Whats Obedience:

Answer 6

Where an individual or group behaves in a certain way on the orders or rules set down by a figure of authority

-Milgram shock experiments: ( the voltage switches/ study on the Nazis)

Question 7

social norms:

Answer 7

-socila norms inflence behaviour because society rewards the social norm behaviour and punishes antisocial behaviour, we act in a way to be rewarded

Question 8

What was the Milgram experiment about?

Answer 8

• Ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by an authority figure, even to the extent of killing an innocent human being. Obedience to authority is ingrained in us from the way we are broought up
• A fake test subject pretended to feel pain through the electric shocks given by the subject (which is urged to do by the experimenter until the test subjects is unresponsive)

Question 9

What was the Soloman Asch experiment about?

Answer 9

Aschs experiment on conformity (the different sized lines whre people knew the answer but did what the group said) provided evidence for conformity

Question 10

What did Bibb Darley and John Latane discover?

Answer 10

Everyone goes through five stages when deciding whether to help someone in need

1) Notice the need for help
2) Decide that it’s an emergency
3) Decide to take responsibility
4) Decide on a way to help
5) Take action to help
strengths: majority of people react this way
weaknesses: minority of people react differently based on personal reasons such as beliefs/ backgrounds etc.

Question 11

What are the social factors that contribute to prosocial behaviour?

Answer 11

• Social norms influence prosocial behaviour because society rewards te social norm behaviour and punishes antisocial behaviour
  example: if some is nice to you, you feel the need to reciprocate the behaviour because you feel like you owe to them

Question 12

What are the personal characteristics that influence prosocial behaviour, with refernece to empathy, mood, competence and altruism ?

Answer 12

Empathy: emotional response to another persons distress
Mood: Influences behavour
Competence: how effectively they can respond
Altruism: selflessness decides the person will help for no reward

Question 13

Factors that influence antisocial behavour:

Answer 13

Groupthink: groups base whether they will help on how it will effect them
Diffusion of responsibility: when others ae around people are less likely to take responsibility to help
Audience inhibition: Self consciousness
Socila influence: the reaction is possitive from others the more likely that they’ll help and the opposite for negative reaction.
Cost benefit analysis model: people weigh up pros and cons before providing help

Question 14

discuss the general aggression model (GAM)

Answer 14

The model explains why people are agressive based on biological, situational and individual factors
How knowledge structures influence our perseptions of when and how aggressive behaviour might occur. Suggest exposure to violent videogames increases the likelihood of becoming aggressive

Question 15

Do videogames/social media cause violence

Answer 15

• Bushman and Anderson concluded that the exposure to violent videogames in the short term can increase someones aggression
• social media campaigns regularly feature antiagressive behavour awareness but in return more people are made aware

Question 16

What are the biological theories of attraction?

Answer 16

think of: Buss, Abbott, Angleitner, Asherian, Biaggio
-Physical attraction
-Facial symmetry
-Musculinity and femininity averageness:
The more masculine the male looks the more attractive he looks and the more feminine a woman looks, the more attractive she is
Cultural survival and attraction:
The theory that attraction is mainly influenced by biological factors (supports mostly stereotypical roles about gender. Strengths are that theres lots of evidence)

Question 17

Social and cognitive origins of attraction:

Answer 17

Proximity: the physical closeness to another person
Recriprocity: how much each person in a relationship is giving to the relationship
Similarity: characteristics that are alike between those in a relationship