topic 4 learning Flashcards
whats the classical conditioning theory?
theory: helps us understand how our responses to one situation become attached to new situations.
eg Pavlovs dog (bell makes him drool)
Operant conditioning
- A person/animal does something (operates something)
- Describes how we repeat behaviours because they pay off for us
- Skinner
Social learning theory
Many of our actions are not learnt through conditioning but by watching others
Young children learn these behaviours through immitation
whats the difference between stimulus generalisation and discrimination?
Stimulus generalisation:
When an organism responds to any stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimuli in classical conditiong. (Pavlov discovered the buzzer also made the dog salvivate due to the similar sound)
Stimulus discrimination:
When an organism responds to the conditioned stimulus but not to any stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus in classical conditioing.
Whats extinction in classical conditiong?
The response is extinguished after being shown several times without reinforcement. This would occur if the bell rang too many times without being paired with food.
Whats Spontaneous recover in classical conditioning?
The reappearence of an extinguished response after s rest period.
After not using the bell, ringing the bell causes a small amount of saliva.
What are the learnt fear responses in the “Little Albert” experiment?
When a noise was paired when th rat was given to Albert , it took two months for him to cry at the sight of the rat.His fear was extended with dogs, rabbits a fur coat and a santa claus mask. This caused Albert emotional turmoil.
Stimulus generalisation in operant conditioning
When a behaviour is displayed because of discriminative stimulus that is similar to the original.
Stimulus discrimitation in operant conditioning
When a behaviour stops being applied to similar situations and only to the discrimative stimulus.
What experiment did B.F Skinner do?
He experimented with pigeons/rats and trained them to perform certain voluntary behaviours. This included them turning in a circle when a light flashed or pressing a lever when a bell rang. He trained them by rewarding them with food if they performed the behaviour.
What did Albert Bandura discover with the social learning theory?
- He conducted the Bobo Doll study
- The children were placed in a room alone with a bobo doll and their behaviours were observed. When they observed the model exhibiting violent behaviours, the children reacted aggressively to the dolls. The results proved the social learning theory.
Whats vicarious reinforcement?
A studry that individuals are most likelt to enage in a behaviour demonstrated by another individual being rewarded for.
Whats modelling?
When a person copies the behaviour or attitude demostrated by another person such as a teacher/parent and the consequences they observe by these people and their actions.