Topic 5 Renal System Disorders Flashcards
Define: Haematuria
Red Blood Cells in the urine.
Define: uraemia
Urine in the blood.
Define: oligouria
Reduced urine output.
Define: anuria
No urine output.
Define: proteinuria
excessive protein levels.
Define: bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine.
Define: hyperuricosuria
excessive uric acid in the urine.
Define: pyuria
Pus or white blood cells in the urine.
Define: azotemia
Increased Blood Creatinine - i.e. retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood. (creatinine = a substance formed from the metabolism of creatine).
How does BUN change as a result of renal failure?
BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels = INCREASES / builds up.
How does serum creatinine change as a result of renal failure?
Serum creatinine levels = INCREASE.
How does GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) change as a result of renal failure?
GFR = DECREASES to 15mL/min/
What is colicky pain?
Wavelike pain in the abdomen OR Dysuria = painful urination.
Define: BUN
Blood Urea Nitrogen, i.e. a measure of the amount of urea in the blood. (Urea forms in the liver as the end product of protein metabolism - circulates in the blood - excreted through the kidney in urine).
Dysfunction of the Renal System =
3 main areas:
- Obstruction
- Infection & Inflammation
- Destruction of Renal Tissue
Disorders of Glomerular Function: 2 categories
- Nephritic Syndromes = inflammatory response to lesions or damage to glomerular cells.
- Nephrotic syndromes: characterised by large amounts of protein moving into the urine = hypoalbuminemia (lack of albumin in blood) & hyperlipidemia (increases lipids in the blood).
Nephritic Patho-Pyshiological manifestations:
Characterised by:
- sudden onset of hamaturia (RBC’s in blood) & proteinuria.
- deminished GFR
- oliguria (reduced urine output)
- azotemia (increased nitrogenous waste in blood)
- salt & water retension = edema / hypertension.
Nephrotic Patho-Pyshiological manifestations:
Characterised by:
- massive proteinuria
- lipiduria (lipids in the urine)
- hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood)
- hyperlipidemia (an excess of lipids in the blood)